Cultivation techniques of Scutellaria spinosa Bud under Forest intercropping

Cultivation techniques of Scutellaria spinosa Bud under Forest intercropping

1 planting technology

1.1 planting site selection

The planting site should choose sunny slope, semi-sunny slope and semi-shady slope, which requires good drainage, and the slope ≤ is 30 °, which is located in the middle and lower abdomen of the slope.

1.1.1 planting under crown. It is suitable for the natural secondary forest and larch plantation after the middle-aged forest (the most suitable for deciduous trees in winter), and the canopy density of the upper layer is ≤ 0.6. When the light is insufficient, take the measures of upper tree tending or pruning (pruning to "force branch") to adjust the canopy density.

1.1.2 planting in forest clearings. At different forest ages, it is necessary to ensure that there is more than 20 m2 of open space (forest gap) in the forest for planting thorn buds, and pruning measures can be taken for lateral trees when the plant growth is negatively affected.

1.1.3 planting at forest edge. The part of the forest edge that can be planted at different forest ages can extend from the forest edge to 10-20 m in the forest. When the growth of some trees in the forest is negatively affected, the upper trees can be pruned and the shrubs that affect the growth of thorn dragon buds on the forest edge can be removed in time.

1.1.4 intercropping (mixed). Intercropping can be carried out in newly planted forests such as Pinus koraiensis and Larix gmelinii, especially in the mixed-use Korean pine plantation built by grafting. The planting density of Pinus koraiensis can be designed to be 5 m × 5 m, so as to prolong the cultivation life of Scutellaria przewalskii. The young forest is nurtured in the way of full cutting. The cultivation period was until the stand was closed and the dragon buds could not grow healthily [3].

1.2 planting

1.2.1 Seedling selection. Ⅰ seedlings (seedling height > 10 cm, ground diameter > 0.6 cm) or Ⅱ seedlings (seedling height > 8 cm, ground diameter > 0.4 cm) should be selected for afforestation.

1.2.2 planting time. The planting time of bare root seedlings was as follows: in the middle and late April of spring, when the soil thawed depth was ≥ 25 cm, and in October in autumn, from the defoliation of dragon buds to the time before soil freezing. Nutrition cup seedling planting time: spring or rainy season.

1.2.3 Seedling treatment. The bare root seedlings were treated with root pruning, mud dipping and moisturizing agent before afforestation, and the seedlings were watered once 2 days before afforestation.

1.2.4 planting method. The afforestation method of "three burying, two steps and one lifting seedling" is adopted. When planting, the stem of the seedling should be vertical, the root system should be extended, and the depth should be appropriate. The seedling should be stepped on after filling soil 1 to 2, and then the soil should be filled and trampled, and finally covered with a layer of topsoil, which is 1 cm thick. The planting hole size is 30 cm × 30 cm × 30 cm. The planting density under the canopy was 1.8 m × 0.6 m, avoiding 1 m beyond the root of the upper forest, 1.0 m × 0.6 m in the open space, 1.5 m × 0.6 m or 1.5 m × 1.0 m at the edge of the forest, and intercropping (mixed). Planting in the inner row of the new planting forest, the plant spacing is 0.6 m.

2 nurturing and management

2.1 cutting, shrub and weeding

It was tended twice in the first year after afforestation, and the shrubs and weeds and vines wrapped around the plants were cut off in the first ten days of June and late August respectively, and the stubble height should be ≤ 10 cm. In the spring of the second year, the acupoints were enlarged once and nurtured twice, and the time was the same as above. Tending in the third year shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Forest tending regulations.

2.2 pruning and setting

2.2.1 pruning time. After planting, the trees were allowed to grow, and the trees were pruned in December of the second year (2 months after falling leaves in autumn).

2.2.2 pruning method. Cut at 20: 40 cm above the ground and retain 4 buds. In the spring of the third year, when the new buds germinated, 2 or 3 strong buds were retained on the reserved branches, and the remaining buds were cut off or erased, after the leaves fell in the autumn of that year.

After 2 months, it was cut at 20-40 cm from the bifurcation site. Pruning according to the above method in the fourth year until the plant dies or the upper forest is closed [5-6].

2.3 Rejuvenation

2.3.1 update the rejuvenation method. From the fourth year, two root tillers were retained around the original plant, and two were cultivated repeatedly in the fifth year. Generally, the old plants were cut down after harvest in the spring of the sixth year, and the retention life could also be extended according to the specific conditions of the old plants. In general, each plant can retain 3 robust branches, 2 branches when the planting density is high, and 4 branches when the density is sparse.

2.3.2 cut off and eradicate tillers. Keeping the new sprouting plants sturdy, free from diseases and insect pests and mechanical damage, it should be more than 30 cm away from the original plants in principle, and the roots can be cut off at 10-15 cm away from the old plants. After cutting off the root, stick to the ground to face the other root tiller seedlings for flat stubble.

3Commodity bud harvest

3.1 harvesting time

The first stubble buds were harvested from late April to mid-May, and the second stubble buds were harvested in late May.

3.2 harvesting standard

When the length of the bud is 815 cm, the fresh weight of a single bud is 10 g and 35 g, and the tender bud is not fully unfolded, and the epithelial thorn of the tender stem can be harvested before hardening.