Medicinal resources and cultivation techniques of Artemisia mandshurica

Medicinal resources and cultivation techniques of Artemisia mandshurica

1 basic information of varieties

Luquan Huaye Chonglou is generally grown in Pingbian in the southeast of Luquanhe in central Yunnan and in the north of Gaoligong Mountain, and is also distributed in southern Sichuan (Huidong, Puge and Yuexi). It is a rare species under provincial protection. Because Luquan Huaye heavy building is small, slow growth and strict demand for growth environment, most of them are wild varieties. As early as 2011, some large growers of traditional Chinese medicine in Luquan County began to try to plant Zhonglou, because it is difficult to grow this medicinal material, and there is no technical experience to find in the county, so there are a lot of problems in planting. Over the past two years, Luquan Panmao traditional Chinese Medicine planting Cooperative persisted in collecting wild flowers and leaves in township markets, and concentrated in the seedling breeding base (Tuanjie Town) for greenhouse cultivation. After more than two years of unremitting efforts, thousands of plants have been collected and successfully cultivated to form a small planting area for protection and expansion.

2 growth and development habits

Luquan Huaye Zhonglou likes to live in a shady place under the forest with an altitude of 2100m to 3000m, humid climate and proper rainfall. In general, the suitable temperature for seed germination, root growth and development and terminal bud germination is 18 ℃, 20 ℃ for emergence, 16 ℃ for aboveground plant growth and 14 ℃ for underground rhizome growth. Luquan Huaye heavy building growth requires a shady environment, strong light will make the leaves wither. Generally, good shading is required in seed germination and seedling stage, but it is necessary to reduce shading and increase light in the first two years of maturity, which is beneficial to the accumulation of secondary metabolites and dry matter. If the soil water content is too low, it is easy to cause water loss of stems and leaves, dry root system and die, while too high is easy to cause diseases and insect pests and root rot. It is suitable to grow in slightly acidic humus soil or red soil with good permeability, but the soil with heavy viscosity, easy stagnant water and consolidation should not be planted.

3 planting methods

1) Land selection and land preparation. Select the open land under the forest or sloping land and dry land with high topography and good drainage, and the soil is humus soil or acid red soil rich in humus as the planting base. Luquan Huaye Zhonglou is a perennial shallow root crop, which grows slowly and has a few but long roots. It is generally necessary to turn the ground deep in the first year of transplanting, which is beneficial to root growth. Choose a sunny day in winter, ploughing when the field is dry, ploughing for about 25 cm, breaking the soil and picking up stones and weeds. After turning in the sun for a day or two, 30 to 35 tons of mature farm manure per hectare were applied as base fertilizer to level the bed. The width of the border is 120 cm, the width of the ditch is 30 cm, and the depth of the ditch is 25 cm. The ditch mud should be broken and spread on the border surface after being planted. The ditch should be smooth and conducive to drainage.

2) transplanting. The seedlings were collected from the market and transplanted to the planting base with a row spacing of 15 cm × 20 cm. The cuttings with apical buds were planted according to the row spacing of 15 cm × 20cm, and those without terminal buds were dug up when the adventitious buds were formed in the following winter, and planted according to the row spacing of 20cm × 30 cm. After transplanting, cover with crushed grass or humus to moisturize and maintain a shady environment. Transplanting time should be in winter, after the aboveground stem falls, when the rhizome is dormant, pay attention to protect the terminal bud and fibrous root from damage in the process of transplanting.

4 Management

1) ploughing and weeding. As the root system of Luquan Huaye Zhonglou is relatively shallow and new roots sprout in autumn and winter, attention must be paid to ploughing gently with a small hoe in the early stage of underground stem growth before and after September to October, so as not to damage the underground stem. It is necessary to combine soil cultivation and winter fertilizer when ploughing and weeding. The Beginning of Spring before and after the gradual growth of seedlings, found that there are weeds should be manually pulled out in time, weeding should be careful not to damage the seedlings and underground roots, so as not to affect the growth of heavy buildings.

2) drainage and irrigation. Drainage ditches should be opened around the field to facilitate drainage. The depth of the drainage ditch should be more than 35 cm, basically reaching the dry end of the rain. The growth of Dianzhonglou avoids stagnant water, and the soil water content should not be too large. The stem should not be watered before emergence on the ground, otherwise the root will rot easily. After emergence, there can be no shortage of water, so it should be watered in time before the rainy season. When the rainy season comes, pay attention to drainage.

3) fertilization. 30 to 35 tons of mature farm manure was applied as base fertilizer per hectare.

Winter fat. It is generally carried out from late November to early December, first gently ploughing the topsoil, and then applying compound fertilizer 150-250 kg per hectare on a sunny day. Then cover it with 30 tons of barnyard manure and then cover it with some fine soil.

Spring fat. After the seedlings came out, the rotten farm manure was applied twice, 1520 tons each time, and then sprayed with foliar fertilizer twice. Before and after the Beginning of Spring, the seedlings penetrated the topsoil, and when the seedling height was about 3 cm, topdressing should be done in time.

4) take off the top. At the end of vegetative growth, the ovary of the plants without seeds should be removed, but the sepals should be retained (photosynthesis can be carried out) to ensure the transfer of organic matter to the rhizome, and the old yellow leaves should be removed after the new seedlings germinate. reduce nutritional consumption.

Luquan Huaye Zhonglou