Technology of changing head by height grafting of Fruit trees

Technology of changing head by height grafting of Fruit trees

I. the function of changing the head of fruit trees.

1. The use of rootstocks to improve resistance, such as the use of begonia rootstocks can improve the salt and alkali resistance of apples, the use of Beida rootstocks can improve the cold resistance of grapes.

two。 It can be widely used in production by changing the inferior quality into the superior one.

3. If the pollination tree varieties are high grafted, the growth period can be shortened with other varieties.

4. By reducing the breeding procedure, new varieties can be observed and identified in advance.

5. It can be introduced and identified, and the fruit can be seen early.

Second, the advantages of changing the height of fruit trees.

1. The survival rate can be as high as 90% or 95%.

two。 The forming is fast, the result is early, it can be formed in the next 2 years, and the output can be restored in 3 years.

3. It has a wide range of applications and can be used in apple, pear, peach, apricot, plum, grape, chestnut and other fruit trees.

4. The age of the tree is suitable for a wide range of trees, including trees of more than 2 years old, among which the trees of 3 ~ 8 years old are the most suitable.

Third, the technical key points of the height connection of fruit trees.

1. The collection of scions. Scions can be collected from defoliation to sprouting, which can be combined with pruning to pick strong branches.

two。 High connection method. The main results are as follows: (1) the high grafting position is determined, and the trees of 2 ~ 3 years old are grafted at 10 cm to 20 cm near the branch axis. (2) the number of high joints should be determined. According to the age and the size of the original tree head, there should be as many grafts as possible. There are 15 2-3-year-old trees, 25-30 4-year-old trees and 40-5-year-old trees. (3) combined with shaping, adjust the branch quantity, growth, angle and branch extension direction to make the tree structure more reasonable. (4) the height of the scion is about 10 cm long, which contains 3-4 bud segments, and the cut is required to be aligned. (5) after grafting, it should be tied up strictly and can not be ventilated, so as to improve the survival rate.

3. Factors affecting the survival rate of high grafting. Growth status of trees: young trees and strong trees are easy to live; scion quality: scions picked on spring shoots and strong branches are easy to live; compatibility of rootstocks: for example, the compatibility of apple grafted on begonia and mountain stator is high, and the survival rate of high grafting on Guoguang apple is higher than that on other apple varieties; high grafting site: high survival rate on back, back, branches and periphery; high grafting time: the best time for grafting is within 15 days after germination. Tools: the effect of large pruning, smooth and sharp blade is good; technical proficiency: the effect of successful cutting at once is good.

4. Management of high-grafted trees. Including wiping buds, removing straps, binding struts, coring, promoting branches, pulling branches to promote flowers, winter shears, strengthening fertilizer and water management, etc.