Investigation on Wild Rhizome Resources in Bijie area

Investigation on Wild Rhizome Resources in Bijie area

[fund project] the sub-project of the National Science and Technology support Plan, "Research on species Conservation and Propagation and quality Standard and quality Control of traditional Chinese Medicinal Materials with characteristic advantages" (2015BAI05B03); "Collection, Identification and Evaluation of Germplasm Resources of the Genus plants in Guizhou Province", a special project for the research and development of modern science and technology industry of traditional Chinese medicine in Guizhou Province [Guizhou Science and Technology Co., Ltd. (2013) 5042] Bijie Science and Technology Plan Project "study on quality Detection and Evaluation of advantageous Chinese Medicinal Materials based on active components in Bijie City" [Bike Chengzi (2014) 8]

Zhonglou is the general name of the genus Liliaceae, alias lampstand seven, Wang Sun, flea Xiu, seven leaves a flower and so on. There are 24 species in the world, 19 in China, of which 10 varieties are mainly distributed in Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces, with the most species in Yunnan. Zhonglou is a commonly used traditional Chinese medicine, which has the functions of clearing away heat and detoxification, relieving swelling and pain, cooling liver and stopping shock, anti-cancer, hemostasis, anti-inflammation, analgesia, relieving cough and asthma and immune regulation. At present, there are 65 kinds of proprietary Chinese medicines using Zhonglou medicinal materials as raw materials in the domestic market, such as Gongxuening, Reduqing, etc., which consume about 3000 tons of raw materials every year. In recent years, although it has been artificially planted in some areas such as Yunnan, Guizhou and Sichuan, the raw materials of medicinal materials mainly rely on wild resources, coupled with the long growth cycle and serious mining of wild resources, which has faced the crisis of depletion.

The investigation and study on the plant resources of the genus Chimonanthus in Guizhou Province began in the 1980s. He Shunzhi discovered the distribution of heavy buildings in Datiankeng, Zhenning County, Guizhou Province in 1987, Zhou Hanhua found the distribution of red fruit and five finger lotus in Shuicheng, Guizhou Province in 1990, and Li Huajun found the distribution of short handle heavy buildings and Dianzhong buildings in Baiyi, Guiyang City from 2007 to 2009. Tian Zhenhua et al investigated the distribution of medicinal plant resources in Guizhou Province and found that there are 9 species, 9 varieties and 1 form of medicinal plants in Guizhou, and there are 9 species, 9 varieties and 1 form in Weining County, Nayong County and Dafang County of Bijie City. there are mainly five finger lotus, egg leaves, seven leaves and one flower, narrow leaves, black seeds and other varieties. Shen Yuxiang and others investigated the resources of Dianzhonglou in Guizhou Province and concluded that Dianzhonglou in Guizhou Province was gradually replaced by other plants of the same genus in the process of spreading from Anshun through southwest Guizhou to Qujing in Yunnan Province. the higher altitude areas of Wumeng Mountain to the north, such as Liupanshui and Bijie, are mainly replaced by narrow leaves, ball medicine, and Maozhonglou, while Bijie City is also more distributed. Up to now, there are few studies on the plant resources of Rhizoma in Guizhou Province, but the studies on the distribution of plants in Bijie City are not systematic enough. Due to the long growth years of Rhizoma plants, it usually takes more than 6 years to be used in medicine, and the demand for medicinal materials from pharmaceutical companies is increasing year by year, which leads to serious indiscriminate exploitation of wild resources. In order to effectively protect and reasonably develop and utilize the heavy building resources, the author makes a comprehensive investigation on the distribution of the heavy building resources in Bijie area, so as to provide a scientific basis for the evaluation of artificial planting conditions and development prospects in Bijie area.

1 investigation method

The survey lasted four years from March 2013 to August 2016, with a total of 14 participants. By consulting the relevant literature and consulting the responsible persons of the cooperatives related to the planting of heavy buildings and civil doctors, it is finally determined that the villages and towns in Bijie City, such as generous, Zhijin, Weining, Nayong and Qixingguan, which may have the distribution of Rhizoma plants, will be investigated. The scope of the survey includes 8 townships in Hezhang County, 12 townships in Dafang County, 10 townships in Zhijin County, 9 townships in Weining County, 7 townships in Nayong County and 8 townships in Qixingguan District. The survey time is mainly concentrated in February-September of each year. The areas with a large number of distribution were transplanted in vivo to the resource nursery for preservation, and specimens were made, habitat and whole plant photos were taken, and the source, longitude and latitude, altitude, community type, habitat, soil and associated plants and other related information were recorded.

2 results and analysis

2.1 types of resource distribution

A total of 134 plant samples were collected, and six species were identified, including seven leaves and one flower, narrow leaf, ball medicine, black seed and Maozhong. Among the 134 plant samples, there were 66 (49.25%), 32 (23.88%), 17 (12.69%), 12 (8.96%), 5 (3.73%) and 2 (1.49%) respectively.

2.2 Distribution of resources

The investigation shows that all the 54 townships surveyed have the distribution of wild heavy building resources. among them, there are 10 townships (towns), such as Yemachuan Town in Hezhang County, Yangchang Town in Dafang County, Huangnitang Town, Liulong Town, Duanjiang Town, Fengshan Township, Walnut Township, Shachang Township, Xingshu Township and Houzhai Township in Zhijin County. Among the six species of Rhizoma, seven leaves and one branch flower are the most widely distributed, but the population density is small, the number of individuals is 1 to 3, there is no correlation among populations, showing an isolated and scattered state; the distribution of other species is very scattered, and most of the individuals are only 1. The survey found that the black seed heavy building is only rarely distributed in Yemachuan Town, Hezhang County; the ball medicine weight building is only rarely distributed in Dafang County; the Maozhong building is only rarely distributed in Houzhai Township, Zhijin County; there are few different kinds of heavy buildings in the same survey site.

2.3 Vertical distribution

The distribution of heavy buildings in Bijie area is 1 000 ~ 2 100 m above sea level, and there are relatively more under broad-leaved forest and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest at 1 000 ~ 2 000 m above sea level (table). Among them, the seven-leaf and one-branch flower is mainly distributed in the broad-leaved forest at the altitude of 1 000-1 750 m, and rarely in the coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest, and the narrow-leaf heavy building is distributed in the broad-leaved forest, coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest and shrub. The vertical distribution of ball drug isolation building is mainly concentrated in the broad-leaved forest about 1 500 m above sea level. The vertical distribution range of the main concentrated distribution in Yunnan is large, which is distributed from 1 200 to 2 100 m above sea level, but the number of individuals is relatively small.

Distribution of wild Rhizoma polyphylla resources in Bijie area

Note: Ⅷ, more distribution; Ⅴ, less distribution; Ⅰ, sporadic distribution.

2.4 Associated plants

The heavy building is a shade-loving plant, which is easy to grow in wet and cool places, especially in places with high concealment under the forest. There are many kinds of associated plants, mainly neem, bright leaf birch, white oak, Mao chestnut, lacquer, raspberry poplar, wood ginger, Yunnan pine, green bran poplar, wild prickly ash, broad leaf ten meritorious fruits, pyracantha, gardenia, Pueraria lobata, kudzu, rhododendron, small fruit pearl, Aralia, bayberry, Sichuan hazel, bright leaf birch, Chinese cabbage, epimedium, Codonopsis pilosula, plantain, Viola, wild cotton, snake berry, Chaotian jar, fern and yellow essence and so on. In the investigation, most of the heavy buildings are distributed in the primary environment, and only a few are found in cornfields, bamboo forests and small thickets, among which heavy buildings are distributed in the primary environment. Because of the high canopy density, abundant humus layer and abundant water under the forest, it grows well. The heavy buildings distributed in the secondary environment, due to direct sunlight, thin humus layer, insufficient water and other reasons, lead to poor growth, low stems, yellowing and relatively small leaf edges, accompanied by root rot, quenching and leaf blight and so on.

3 conclusion and discussion

Wild heavy buildings are distributed in all the 54 townships investigated, but most of the individuals in the population are less than 8, which are mainly distributed in broad-leaved forest and coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest at an altitude of 1 000 to 2 000 m, and like to grow in shady and humid places under mixed forest, shrub forest and broad-leaved forest. The species distributed are seven leaves and one flower, Dianzhonglou, narrow leaf, ball medicine, black seed and Maozhonglou. Among them, the number of seven leaves and one flower was the largest in the survey area, with a total of 66 samples collected.

There are abundant plant resources in Bijie area, among which Artemisia angustifolia and Dianzhonglou are the basic source plants in Chinese Pharmacopoeia, as well as narrow leaves, bulbs, black seeds, Maozhonglou and other plants, but the distribution of black seeds and Maozhonglou are very few. According to Li Heng's classification of the genus Rhizoma, the six species found in this survey all belong to the lateral membrane subgenus. Tian Zhenhua and others investigated the resources and distribution of medicinal plants of the genus Chimonanthus in Guizhou Province, and recorded that there were black seeds in Dafang and Wuzhinlian in Nayong, but no black seeds were found in Dafang, and this variety was found in Hezhang. Only Dianzhong and narrow leaves were found in Nayong, but not in Nayong.

Bijie's unique geographical and climatic environment is more suitable for the growth of the genus Rhizoma. In this survey, it was also found that some farmers and companies planted seven-leaf flowers, Yunnan heavy buildings and narrow leaf heavy buildings. Most of the wild species planted by farmers are concentrated transplanting from the mountains, and most of them are seven-leaf flowers and narrow leaves, while the heavy buildings planted by the company are Yunnan heavy buildings, which are purchased from Yunnan to breed. In recent years, the price of heavy buildings in the market is relatively high, and the unified price has reached more than 750yuan / kg. This price has attracted a large number of farmers to dig wild heavy buildings in the mountains, resulting in a rapid decline in wild heavy building resources. In the process of investigation in various counties (districts) of Bijie City, it was found that local farmers concentrated in the mountains from May to July to dig heavy buildings to sell in the market. This practice will, first of all, cause great damage, even destruction, to the wild plant resources of the genus Phellodendron in Bijie City, and secondly, because there is no distinction between the varieties of Rhizoma Polygonatum from the source, resulting in a mixture of varieties purchased by drugmakers. it is not conducive to the late sorting and processing of medicinal materials, and may even lead to inconsistency in efficacy. Therefore, it is suggested to effectively protect the wild heavy building resources to prevent further damage; the second is to guide the existing cooperatives to unify varieties and improve cultivation techniques in accordance with the provisions of the Pharmacopoeia, so as to achieve large-scale, standardized and standardized production.