High-yield cultivation techniques of Organic Oat

High-yield cultivation techniques of Organic Oat

1 intensive ploughing and land preparation

Organic oats are produced in villages with good ecological conditions, far away from pollution sources and cool and humid. The land chooses loam or sandy loam with deep plough layer, flat terrain, loose soil and fertile loam. Plot tillage to achieve deep ploughing, fine rake, suppression, so as to form a soft, soft, virtual and solid soil conditions.

2 selected varieties

According to the ecological conditions and growth needs of wild rent, our township introduced excellent varieties such as Baiyan 2, Baiyan 11, Sichuan Oat No. 1 and Ningyi No. 1 to propagate in the base, and then extended to other villages. The variety selection is mainly based on high-quality oat species with strong adaptability, high yield, stress resistance and strong resistance to diseases and insect pests.

3 seed treatment

Seed cleaning is carried out before sowing, first of all, fully dry to kill the germs on the seed surface, so as to improve the seed viability and germination rate. Then use 100-150g methyl phosphate solution to water 3-4kg, mix oat seed 50kg to control oat yellow dwarf disease, or use 0.2% mixed seed cream or 0.15% mixed seed Ling to control oat smut.

4 sowing seeds at the right time

The suitable sowing time of oats in this area is from late March to early April, and the best sowing time is around Ching Ming Festival, no later than Grain Rain. According to the situation of precipitation, sowing in soil moisture is particularly important, and grasping seedlings is one of the main measures to obtain high yield of oats in dry land. Sowing rate 12~15kg/667m2, using mechanical sowing or manual trenching sowing, should not be sowed. The row spacing of strip sowing is 15~20cm, and the depth of 5-6cm is suitable to prevent resowing and missing sowing, uniform sowing depth, uniform sowing and sowing, so that the soil and seeds can be closely combined to prevent air leakage and sprouting.

5. Field management

Weeding should be done early and shallow after emergence. In spring drought, organic oats grow slowly, and weeds are easily mixed. The first intertillage is not only to loosen the soil and weed, raise the soil temperature, cut off the capillaries on the soil surface, reduce water evaporation to achieve the purpose of preventing drought and preserving soil moisture, but also can regulate the contradiction among soil moisture, temperature and air, promote root development, take root early and take root quickly, build a developed root system, and enhance the ability of root system to absorb water and metabolism. In traditional planting, only a small amount of farm manure is applied and the yield is low. With the expansion of cultivation area and the popularization of new varieties, the amount of farm fertilizer decreased and the amount of chemical fertilizer increased gradually. Formula fertilization should be carried out according to the degree of land fertility, and fertilization should be applied according to the land as a whole, and nitrogen fertilizer should not be applied or re-applied in order to prevent oat lodging. 25% N-P-K compound fertilizer 2O~40kg/667m2 can be applied and fertilized in the middle stage.

Weeding 2 or 3 times during the whole growth period. Weeding should be done for the first time in the third leaf stage: early weeding and shallow weeding, in order to increase soil temperature and reduce water evaporation, so as to promote early rooting, fast rooting and preservation of seedlings. Weeding was carried out for the second time before jointing, and weeds were pulled out in time in the middle and later stage. If the planting area is small, manual weeding can be selected, and chemical weeding can be used when the planting area is large. Apply 72% 2 mint 4-D butyl ester EC 900mL/667m2 or 75% superstar dry suspending agent 13.3~26.6g/667m2 to water 30kg in 3 leaves and 1 heart, and choose to spray evenly in sunny days, no wind and no dew. In order to increase grain weight and improve quality, water 30kg was sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 2.5kg/667m2 plus 50% Duofu mixture 2kg at heading stage and flowering stage, and then sprayed once at intervals of 5 to 7 days.

(6) Disease and pest control

Through 3 years of practice and observation, the main diseases of organic oats are smut, rust and powdery mildew, and the main pests are armyworm and aphids. Traditional sporadic planting and rotation have small area and few diseases and insect pests. Pest control mainly follows the plant protection policy of giving priority to prevention and comprehensive control. Starting from the whole ecosystem, giving priority to the use of biological control and the final use of chemical control, comprehensive use of various control measures to create environmental conditions that are not conducive to the breeding of diseases and insect pests and conducive to the reproduction of all kinds of natural enemies, and maintain the balance and biodiversity of the ecosystem. Control all kinds of diseases and insect pests within the allowable economic threshold. In case of concentrated planting of demonstration pieces and serious occurrence of diseases and insect pests, according to the occurrence and harm characteristics of oat diseases and insect pests, 20% triadimefon powder lOOg mixed with 50kg oat seeds, dry mixing, fresh sowing or sowing for 4 hours after seed mixing can control smut and reduce and postpone the harm of rust and powdery mildew. In the middle and last ten days of July, 25% triadimefon EC 80ml and 25% rifampicin 100mL were used to comprehensively control oat smut, rust and aphids with water 30kg for 5-7 days, twice in a row.

7 harvest and storage

Organic oat harvest is a time-bound work, once mature, it should be harvested in time, otherwise oats will fall off on their own, resulting in high yield and poor harvest. It is generally harvested from late September to early October in our township, and the grain maturity of the upper and lower parts of the organic oat ear is inconsistent. When the upper and middle grains of the wheat ear enter the last stage of wax ripening, they should be harvested in time. Performance at the end of wax ripening: oat stalks are tough and not easy to break. Pinch wheat grains with fingernails. Wheat grains should be tough and not easy to break. This is the timely harvest time. Harvest can be harvested manually or mechanically. During manual harvesting, the aboveground part of oats should be completely cut off with a sickle for continuous harvesting; when mechanical harvesting, attention should be paid to driving speed at 6~8kin per hour. Otherwise, it will not only cause damage to the harvester, but also cause oat harvest leakage, lodging and other phenomena, seriously affecting the yield. The seed storage shall be waterproof, rodent-proof, insect-proof, fireproof, dry, ventilated, and the relative humidity shall not exceed 60%. It shall be managed by special personnel and checked regularly.