Occurrence and control of grape size grains

Occurrence and control of grape size grains

In the cultivation technology of grapes, the size of grains is an old and difficult problem, which will happen in large and small vineyards at home and abroad, and it has not been improved so far. The grain size is mainly manifested in the inconsistent fruit size, and the difference is obvious. If it can not be controlled in time, it will directly reduce the competitiveness of grapes in the market, and will seriously affect the income of fruit growers. Therefore, in the face of this problem, there is an urgent need for relevant solutions.

1 present situation of grape size and grain size

Among the grape grains, the large grain refers to a normal grain with a normal head size, and the small grain is basically smaller than the normal grain, and the gap is very large, even showing the same size as soybeans, with almost no seeds in the small grains. like this kind of grape, which is very obvious in size, the value will be much lower than that of grapes with large grains. Nowadays, grape size is very common, such as: Jufeng grape, is one of the most prone to uneven grain size.

2 the cause of the size and size of grape-- taking Jufeng grape as an example

2.1 Variety degradation

Variety degradation is the primary reason for the occurrence of grape size. In general, when the tree age of Jufeng grape is less than 3 years, there is basically no obvious difference in grain size, but once it is more than 3 years, such as 4-5 years, genetic transformation or degradation will occur within the grape, and with the increase of tree age, the difference in grain size will be more obvious.

2.2 temperature difference

As we all know, the greater the temperature difference between morning and evening in the grape planting area, the sweeter the grape fruit, but if you encounter the cold winter season, there is no timely best anti-freezing measures, and the temperature at the flowering stage is too low, will lead to flower bud damage, affect pollination, and directly affect the fruit rate.

2.3 Vine itself is virulent and its growth

The planting process of grape is very fragile compared with other fruit trees. if grape fan leaf virus occurs, it will quickly spread to the whole vine, resulting in a decline in the cold and wind resistance of the grapevine. And if the vine branches grow too vigorously and absorb nutrients unevenly, it will also lead to the occurrence of grape size.

2.4 the required nutrients are not in place or misused drugs

In the process of grape planting, sufficient nutrients are needed to improve fruit yield and fruit quality. if there is a lack of necessary trace elements, it is easy to lead to grain size, such as zinc deficiency, boron deficiency and so on. Some fruit growers blindly believe that excessive spraying of fruit-setting hormone can increase grape yield, in fact, this is wrong, beyond the bearing scope of the grape itself, the result will be counterproductive. In addition, spraying seedless agent can also cause grape size to occur.

3 prevention and control of grape size grains

The causes of grape size are complicated, so there are some difficulties in the process of prevention and treatment, which should be considered in many aspects.

3.1 cultivation

Strengthen the management of grapevines, according to the growth of grapevines for reasonable control, if the vine branches are too strong, the need for timely pruning to prevent excess branches from absorbing nutrients. Fertilization before fruit setting should be reasonably controlled. If too much fertilizer is applied, trees will be burned.

3.2 Prevention of variety degradation

The main principle of preventing variety degradation is to use microorganisms in the product to activate aging genes in cells, maintain and enhance cell activity, and slow down the rate of decline, so as to successfully avoid grape grains caused by variety degradation. Secondly, the protein in the small grape is activated to promote the production of a large number of catalytic enzymes, accelerate cell division, and make the small grape grow into large grape quickly. Thirdly, it can activate the soil composition, make the soil structure more stable, and finally promote the root development and prevent the grape grain uneven caused by the exuberant growth. Finally, it can better resist the invasion of external viruses and enhance the ability to keep out the cold and the wind [Jishan Huayao]

3.3 rational selection of medicament

Based on years of planting experience, the author carefully summarizes the various factors affecting the occurrence of grape size grains. In order to find suitable agents to prevent grape size grains, the medicaments and methods needed in grape cultivation are studied and screened repeatedly. Finally, the "grape size grain inhibitor" is selected to solve this problem. The inhibitor is easy to use and can be irrigated 3-400 times before the grape goes out of the cellar and on the shelf. Spray 4-600 times liquid 2-3 times before fruit setting after leaf spreading. Only these two steps are needed to solve the problem of grain size. In order to prevent the occurrence of large and small grains in the coming year, it can be used for 2-3 times after the expansion period and before harvest. This method has been widely used in grape cultivation in Jinzhou area, and has achieved good results, and has been unanimously recognized by fruit farmers.