Introduction to the propagation, cultivation and daily maintenance of dragon cypress bonsai

Dragon cypress is a variety of juniper, also known as juniper, red juniper, pearl cypress, etc., juniper (juniper) artificial variety, dragon cypress grows to a certain height, branches spiral upward growth, like Panlong posture, so the name "dragon cypress" is mainly produced in the Yangtze River basin and Huaihe River valley. after years of introduction, dragon cypress is also cultivated in Shandong, Henan, Hebei and other places in China. It is often used for planting trees on roads, gardens, parks and family potted plants. How to raise dragon cypress? Below, Hua Cao Le shares with you the knowledge of propagation, cultivation and daily maintenance of dragon and cypress bonsai.

1. Morphological characteristics:

Cypress crown cylindrical or columnar tower; branches straight upward, often twisted upward, branchlets dense, branch ends into several equal dense clusters; scale leaves closely arranged, yellowish green when young, then emerald green; cones blue, slightly covered with white powder. The dragon cypress is up to 8 meters high, with a straight trunk, a narrow cylindrical shape and twisted branchlets, hence the name. The branchlets are dense, the leaves are dense, all are scaly leaves, the young leaves are yellowish green, and the old ones are emerald green. The cone is blue-green and the fruit surface is slightly powdered. In addition to the natural growth of the cypress tree, some of its climbing plates are tied into animal images such as dragons, horses, lions and elephants, and some are trimmed into spherical, drum-shaped, hemispherical, single-valued or column poles and groups planted in the garden, and some are planted into hedges, which are shaped and trimmed into a straight round crest, which can show that they are low, plump, meticulous and fine. Dragon cypress side branches twisted and spirally dried, unique, high ornamental value, widely cultivated all over China.

2. Growth environment:

Xi Yang, slightly resistant to Yin. Like warm, humid environment, cold resistance. Anti-drought, avoid stagnant water, poor drainage is easy to occur fallen leaves or poor growth. It is suitable for dry, fertile and deep soil, has strong adaptability to soil acidity and alkalinity and is more resistant to salt and alkali. It has strong resistance to sulfur oxide and chlorine, but poor resistance to smoke and dust.

3. Methods of reproduction:

1. Grafting: 2-year-old Platycladus orientalis or Platycladus orientalis is often used as rootstock, and the top tip of the lateral branch of the mother tree is selected as the scion with a length of 10-15cm.

Open field grafting, carried out in early March

Indoor grafting can be advanced to January to February, but after that, it should be pseudo-planted to keep warm, and then transplanted to the nursery in mid-late March. Grafting method: cut off the scale leaves of the lower part of the rootstock by abdominal grafting-scion, and ventrally connect to the root neck of the rootstock; all the branches and leaves of the rootstock are preserved, and then the soil near the scion is covered with plastic film to maintain a high air humidity. After survival, thin fertilizer can be applied, and the top tip of the rootstock can be trimmed, and the upper part of the rootstock will be cut off in the next spring.

2. Cutting: there are two kinds of cutting propagation: dormant wood (that is, hardwood) and semi-mature wood cutting.

Dormant wood cuttings: there are spring cuttings and early winter cuttings-spring cuttings are carried out from late February to mid-March, and early winter cuttings are carried out in the first and middle of November. After insertion, covered with film, heat preservation, moisturizing, can promote healing and early rooting.

Semi-mature wood cuttings:

1. From mid-August to early September.

2. Choose the top tip of lateral branch for cuttings, which is about 15cm long.

3. Cut off the lower branchlets and scale leaves and insert 5-6cm into the soil. The plant spacing can be 5 cm × 12 cm.

4. Lift the fruit after insertion, fully water, set up a shed for shade, and then spray water frequently to keep the seedbed moist; when it is dry in winter, you should also spray water at noon.

5. Avoid direct sunlight at the initial stage of cutting, need full-day shade, and gradually increase the light sooner or later after healing.

6. The roots of Cypress are slow, which generally takes about 8 months, and the number of roots is small. It is appropriate to stay in bed for one year and transplant in the spring of the third year.

7. during the cultivation period, a guide rod should be set up, and attention should be paid to pruning, heart-picking and branch-binding, so as to make the seedlings grow straight and tight; if you cultivate cypress balls, you can go to the top and pick the heart, go 3 or 4 times a year, and develop gradually.

8. Dragon cypress transplantation was carried out from mid-February to late March, or from early November to early December, with mud balls.

4. Cultivation and conservation techniques:

1. Cypress seedling management

The temperature in the greenhouse is 14-20 ℃ and the humidity is 50-70%. In the big border where cypress seedlings are planted, a small arch shed, also known as the inner shed, should be built. With bamboo as the skeleton, the film is pressed around the cover without dripping film, which can significantly improve the temperature and humidity of the seedling growth environment, which is very beneficial to survival. After grafting, the rootstock should be pruned in stages. After the seedlings are planted, water them first.

When cutting the rootstock for the first time, the total height of the rootstock is 1 / 3 (from the grafting site to the top of the shoot)

The second time, half of the reserved height was cut off, by which time the cypress had survived and the new shoot grew to 3-5cm.

For the third time, the new shoot of Cypress grew to 12-16cm, 0.8-1cm was left on the grafting site, and the upper part was cut off, about 45 days after grafting. After growing for a period of time, the small arch shed can be removed and weeds can be removed in time in order to increase the light. Note:

1. The long branch can be cut into two segments when the scion is tense.

2. When grafting, the rootstock is too thick, when the scion is thin, one side of the scion can be tied up against the cambium.

3. After pseudo-planting, watering for the first time, sprinkling and spraying should not be used, which is the main reason for the low survival rate in the past.

4. The three-section shearing of rootstock is also called three-time shearing, and the effective measures to improve the survival rate can not be changed at will.

5. To ensure the light, temperature and humidity of the greenhouse, the sun goes in in the sunny morning and sets before sunset in the afternoon. Do not fall in the snow to facilitate snow cleaning.

6. Double-layer shed doors can be used to increase temperature and humidity. The first floor is made of quilts or quilts.

2. Shaping, pruning, flat binding and styling

A. Cylindrical: the trunk of Cypress is obvious, and the number of main branches is large. If the main branch comes from the same part of the trunk, one must be cut off and only one main branch is left in each round. The main branches are generally spaced 20-30cm and scattered. The main branches should be cut short and cut into the lower long and the upper short, and the cut falls on the upward growing side branches to ensure a beautiful tree shape. The thin and weak branches between the main branches should be thinned as early as possible to facilitate light transmission, and the truncation of the main branches is still short when the new branches reach 10-15cm during the growing period, and the branches should be cut 8 times a year to restrain the excessive growth of the shoots. The pruning of the main branches should be shortened gradually from the bottom to the top to promote the formation of the cylinder. Pay attention to control the competitive branches at the top of the trunk to avoid bifurcating trees. Pruning of large branches is mainly carried out during the dormant period to avoid sap outflow.

B. Leaping shape: generally keep a small number of main branches and side branches evenly and let them grow prominently, and the rest of the main and side branches are all cut short. During the growing period, the new shoots of the whole tree were pruned for 8 times similar to short pruning, and the length of the main and side branches of the crown were maintained at 11.5 times the diameter of the crown, so as to form the posture of the dragon leaping out of the crown.

C. Artificial plastic surgery: in addition to naturally growing into a tower shape, the cypress tree often invents a variety of shapes according to the design intention, but it should be noted that the shape of the tree should be in harmony with the surrounding landscape, the lines should not be too cumbersome, and the outline should be bright and concise. The specific method of plastic surgery depends on the technology of the trimmer, and it is often trimmed in advance with the help of brown rope or lead wire. Tie its climbing plate into dragon, horse, lion, deer, elephant and other animal images.

3. Fertilizer and water management:

Longbai likes big fat and big water. After planting survived, combined with irrigation, topdressing 2 Mel 3 times in the first year, applying urea 15kg per mu each time, and stopped fertilizing after autumn. In the early spring of the following year, combined with irrigating back-green water, strip-furrow topdressing applied a slightly higher nitrogen content of compound fertilizer, 40kg per mu. Because the roots of Sabina vulgaris are shallow and there are many horizontal roots, we should bury the soil with ditching and fertilization to prevent root damage as far as possible. In summer, urea was topdressing for 3 times with 25kg per mu.

5. Disease prevention and control

The occurrence of cypress disease is less, in addition to the above-mentioned pear red spot disease, when the cutting seedbed substrate is not clean or repeated, purple feather disease is easy to occur, which can be prevented according to the above-mentioned methods. The rare pest is the cloth bag moth, which should be sprayed with 1000 times 98% crystal trichlorfon in early June when the larvae have not spread. Dragon cypress is prone to red spiders, blight, branch blight and other diseases and insect pests, we should pay attention to regular observation, so as to achieve early detection and early control. The control of red spider can be alternately sprayed with 3000 times of 20% acaric EC, 1.8% of 5000 times of mites EC, or 3000 times of 15% Dazinone EC, and can be irrigated with 700 times 800 times of 70% methyl topiramate wettable powder at the initial stage of the onset of the disease. 50% chlorhexil wettable powder or 70% chlorothalonil wettable powder 1000 times can be sprayed to control blight.

VI. Main values:

Dragon and cypress trees have beautiful shape, green branches and leaves, and the first choice for park fence greening is seedlings, which are mostly planted in the garden for landscaping purposes. The survival rate of transplanting is high, the recovery speed is fast, and the shrubs used most in landscaping have crisp and bright, healthy and exuberant growth and high ornamental value.