High quality and efficient cultivation techniques of Ganoderma lucidum in the field

High quality and efficient cultivation techniques of Ganoderma lucidum in the field

Ganoderma lucidum, also known as Ganoderma lucidum, Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma lucidum. Ganoderma lucidum has been used medicinally in China for more than 2000 years. It has been regarded as a panacea for all diseases by Chinese people for thousands of years, and it has been listed as one of the nine immortal herbs in China. With the development of science and technology and the continuous improvement of people's living standards, the artificial cultivation technology of Ganoderma lucidum has been gradually promoted and applied. In order to explore the high quality and efficient cultivation techniques of Ganoderma lucidum under this climatic conditions, since 2011, we have introduced new varieties of Ganoderma lucidum to establish a base of 20000 Yuan in Xichuan Village, Wudabao Township, Qingyuan County, to demonstrate the high quality and efficient cultivation techniques of Ganoderma lucidum in the field. The demonstration cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum in field for several years shows that compared with bottle cultivation and bag cultivation, Ganoderma lucidum cultivation saves the crushing of wood chaff, reduces the amount of raw materials, prolongs the harvest time, and has better quality. Ganoderma lucidum has obvious labor-saving, cost-saving and synergistic effect. According to the investigation and statistics, the annual output of dried Ganoderma lucidum is 600 tons and the output value is 624 million yuan. Excluding the production cost, the net income is 42300 yuan per 667 tons, and the economic benefit is remarkable. The cultivation techniques are introduced as follows:

1 technological process

Trees select → felling → segment → bagging → sterilization → inoculation → culture → unbagged → buried → management → → harvest → dry → graded → packaging → finished products.

2 operation technology

2.1 selection and segmentation of trees

Trees should be selected mainly hopper tree species, choose maple, heather, oak and other wood hard trees, DBH of 8-20 years, water content of 32% of 42% of the section of wood is appropriate. After the trees are selected, they are required to be cut into short sections of 20-30 years. Generally, each cubic meter of wood can be cut down to about 800 short sections, which are sealed with plastic bags after cutting.

2.2 Sterilization, inoculation and mycelium culture

100 ℃ atmospheric pressure sterilization method was used, and the sterilization time should be kept for 12-24 h. After sterilization and cooling, about 80 bottles of bacteria are needed for each cubic meter of wood. Duan wood was inoculated and cultured in the room at the temperature of 25 ℃-28 ℃ for about 60 days.

2.3 unbagging and burying soil

During the culture period, the hyphae can be removed after the mycelium has grown. Before burying the soil, the field with good drainage, open ventilation, loose soil and fertile soil should be selected as the cultivation place, and the ditches should be opened according to the border width of 150-180, the height of 25 and the width of 30-40. During the burying period, the wood can be placed perpendicular or parallel to the border surface, and then cover an appropriate amount of soil to be suitable for micro-visible wood, and set up a frame to shade.

2.4 training and management

In the stage of mycelial growth, the temperature in the greenhouse should be controlled at 22 ℃-28 ℃, while the air humidity, ventilation and light were not strict. To the stage of fruiting body formation and differentiation, the temperature should be about 26 ℃, the relative humidity should be maintained at 85% Mel 95%, the light should be dominated by scattered light, the direct light should be avoided, and good ventilation conditions should be required.

2.5 harvesting of Ganoderma lucidum

In general, fresh Ganoderma lucidum can be harvested 4 months after burying the soil. The mature standard of Ganoderma lucidum is as follows: the single fruiting body changes from light yellow to yellowish brown, a circle of bright yellow at the edge of the cap disappears, the white growth point around the cap disappears, the cap begins to leathery, and the steamed buns are harvested in time. When harvesting, the stalk can be cut with a sharp blade, leaving about 0.5 cm, and the incision should be flat, and keep spraying water within 1-2 days after harvest, and continue to cultivate, then the second crop fruiting body can grow on the original stalk. The second batch of Ganoderma lucidum can be harvested in a month. Cut off the stalk of the harvested Ganoderma lucidum and store it in a bag and seal after drying and drying.

3 hints

The main results are as follows: (1) it is easy to obtain higher income by selecting high-quality and high-yield varieties, such as "Hunong 1".

(2) when bagging with wood, it is easy to pierce the plastic bag, pay attention to observation, and use transparent glue to repair the leak.

(3) the burying time of the bacterial section should be from March to April, and it should be carried out when the field is dry in sunny days. The buried soil density of the bacterial segment should be evenly arranged according to the spacing of 5 cm and 20 cm.

(4) Water management in primordium differentiation stage should be emphasized in the stage of culture and management. When Ganoderma lucidum enters the primordium differentiation period, the relative humidity of the cultivation site should reach 80% Rue 90%, the overlying soil layer should be kept loose and moist, and when there are more fruiting bodies, clean water should be sprayed frequently to increase the air flow in the greenhouse.

(5) the continuous cultivation period of Ganoderma lucidum is 2-3 years. Straw mulch is used to keep warm in winter to prevent frost injury, and the mulch is removed in time after Qingming Festival.