Study on the key points and benefits of High-yield cultivation techniques of Pueraria lobata

Study on the key points and benefits of High-yield cultivation techniques of Pueraria lobata

Pueraria lobata, also known as Pueraria lobata, is a leguminous plant, which contains more than 40% starch. At the same time, Pueraria lobata also contains a variety of trace elements and flavonoids, which is a kind of green food with high nutritional value. In addition, Radix Puerariae also has important medicinal value, and it plays a certain role in lowering blood pressure, lowering blood lipids, resisting cancer and so on. Each part of Pueraria lobata has different economic value, stem bark is an important part of papermaking materials; leaves can be used as green fodder for animals such as cattle and sheep; Pueraria lobata can be used to make wine and tea, which can clear the heart and clear the eyes and dilate blood vessels [1]. Therefore, on the basis of scientific cultivation of Pueraria lobata, reasonable processing, packaging and sales can achieve good economic benefits.

1 key points of high-yield cultivation techniques of Pueraria lobata

1.1 Land preparation and selection measures

As the root system of Pueraria lobata is relatively developed and sturdy, and the requirements for soil conditions are not strict, so when planting Pueraria lobata, we only need to ensure that the soil thickness and nutrients in it meet the relevant requirements. At the same time, in the process of site selection, it should be noted that the drainage function near the field is good enough, which is mainly due to the poor waterlogging resistance of Pueraria lobata, so it is necessary to ensure that the lower water level is below 1.6 m in the process of planting. In addition, it is recommended to choose sandy soil, and some relatively thick soil on barren hills or forest cutting land is the best. The process of soil preparation mainly requires deep turning of the soil, and the depth of turning needs to be controlled at about 0.4-0.6 m. At the same time, the best time for deep ploughing is winter, which can ensure the best soil fertility at this time. When selecting base fertilizer, miscellaneous fertilizer can be used as the main raw material, and three elements of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are added to form compound fertilizer, and the amount of fertilizer per square meter needs to be controlled at about 90 kg [2].

1.2 measures for ridging and compartment construction

The work of ridging needs to be determined according to the actual planting area. Generally speaking, the length of the bottom of the box needs to be controlled at about 0.3-0.4m and the width needs to be controlled at about 16 cm. The area of the box is directly related to the planting density in the later stage. After doing a good job in the work of the chamber, we also need to choose the cultivation method of crops. if we choose the net cultivation method, the density should be controlled at 800 plants / 667 m2, and the plant distance should be controlled at about 0.6 m. If we choose the cultivation method of intercropping, it is necessary to design a large box of about 2 m for planting. The cultivation density of Pueraria lobata is about 500 plants / 667 m2, and the plant distance needs to be controlled at about 0.6 m [3].

1.3 planting and transplanting measures

In the custom transplanting of Pueraria lobata plants, it is necessary to cultivate the seedlings of Pueraria lobata by pressing vine or ramet. During the transplanting period, it is necessary to ensure the soil moisture and environmental temperature, generally within 2-3 months, when the outdoor temperature reaches about 15 ℃ before transplanting. In order to ensure the smooth development of the transplanting work, it is necessary to sprinkle or sprinkle the soil where the seedlings need to be transplanted to ensure the actual soil moisture. At the same time, in the actual transplanting work, kudzu seedlings should be inserted diagonally to keep the buds upward for later management. After the transplanting work is over, it is necessary to keep the roots of the seedlings moist and ensure the survival rate of the seedlings. In the cultivation of Pueraria lobata seedlings, it is necessary to ensure the rational use of seedling techniques, such as the choice of electrothermal heating to accelerate germination, so as to achieve the breeding effect in the early stage.

1.4 measures for setting up frames to draw vines

Because there are many rattan nodes in the roots of Pueraria lobata, it is easy to grow new roots after contact with the soil environment, which affects the growth of other crops, so we can set up related shelves for vine introduction treatment according to its winding characteristics. Generally speaking, when the root of Pueraria lobata grows to about 40cm, it is necessary to set up and draw vines. Framing and vine introduction measures can not only enhance the photosynthesis of Pueraria lobata, improve the effect of light transmission and ventilation of plants, but also reduce the excessive consumption of nutrients in soil, resulting in a large amount of starch accumulation. The shelves with drawing vines can be reinforced with "human" shape, and the actual output of Pueraria lobata can be increased at the same time [4].

1.5 measures to take the heart out of the vine

The heart-picking work of kudzu means that in the cultivation of Pueraria lobata, the excess vines are removed regularly, only two or so main vines are retained, and the main vines are scaffolded. When the main vine grows to about 2.5 m, it needs to be topped and coring by the growers to avoid excessive consumption of nutrients in the soil. The growers need to prune about 1m of the branches outside the main vine, pruning every 14 days or so until the branches no longer grow.

1.6 measures for pressing rattan to raise seedlings

When the growth of Pueraria lobata is about 1.6 m, it is necessary to press the vine to raise seedlings to ensure the healthy growth of Pueraria lobata. Pressing rattan seedlings requires growers to choose sturdy vines to loosen the soil, and then bury the sturdy vines in the soil so that they can grow new roots. After the root grows successfully, cut off the leaf nodes at both ends of the root, and then insert it into the soil to make it grow independently. At the same time, for the new roots, 0.5% diluted urea fertilizer and water should be irrigated regularly to meet the needs of plant growth.

1.7 Fertilizer and water management measures

Because Pueraria lobata belongs to legumes, it is necessary to do a good job in fertilizer and water management in order to ensure the healthy growth of Pueraria lobata. For the root of Pueraria lobata, because of its strong nitrogen fixation, there is no need to add nitrogen fertilizer. Therefore, it is necessary for growers to observe the actual growth of Pueraria lobata before deciding to add appropriate fertilizer. If the growth situation of Pueraria lobata is not good, it is necessary to add nitrogen fertilizer and compound fertilizer about 15 kg/667 m ~ 2, and it needs to be added regularly according to time and times. For example, after the planting of Pueraria lobata, when the seedling of Pueraria lobata grows to about 0.3 m, it is necessary to observe the seedlings of Pueraria lobata and carry out topdressing work. In addition, in case of thunderstorm, it is necessary to reduce the irrigation amount of Pueraria lobata in order to avoid excessive soil moisture and rotten roots [5].

1.8 Control measures of diseases and insect pests

Because Pueraria lobata is generally planted in February-March, the situation of diseases and insect pests is still within control, but in spring and winter, the root starch content is more, the sweet taste is heavier, and it is easy to cause rodent damage. Therefore, it is necessary to do a good job in rodent prevention of Pueraria lobata in spring and winter and choose some biological methods to reduce the problem of rodent damage.

2 study on the benefit of Pueraria lobata

Generally speaking, the yield of 1500-2300kg per 667m2 of Pueraria lobata can be obtained under high-yield cultivation, while the yield of fresh Pueraria lobata is 7 yuan per 1kg5 at present, and the yield per 667m21500-2300kg can be about 10000 yuan. At the same time, other parts of Pueraria lobata can be processed, such as making Pueraria lobata tea, so as to improve the actual economic benefits of Pueraria lobata by optimizing the relevant industrial structure. In addition, the economic benefit of Pueraria lobata is also relatively high. on the one hand, the economic income of the planting area of Pueraria lobata can increase the actual economic income of farmers, on the other hand, it can also promote the economic development of rural areas. form an integrated production chain of production, processing, packaging and sales of Pueraria lobata, and promote the development of the whole Pueraria lobata industry [6].

3 some suggestions on improving the efficient cultivation techniques and benefits of Pueraria lobata

First, pay attention to the selection of seeds. At present, there are many kinds of Pueraria lobata in the market, but the epidermis of Pueraria lobata is relatively smooth, sweetness is heavier, and the content of starch is higher, so it is more popular. Therefore, when planting Pueraria lobata, growers should go to regular manufacturers to buy seeds with a higher survival rate, and choose seeds with a higher market purchase rate.

Second, constantly improve the planting technology of Pueraria lobata. Because of the poor waterlogging resistance of Pueraria lobata crops, we must choose the environment with lower groundwater level and thicker soil in the process of planting Pueraria lobata. At the same time, according to the relevant practice, it is proved that planting alternately can increase the actual yield of Pueraria lobata. At present, although the technology of planting Pueraria lobata is relatively simple, and there are few requirements for growers, if the growers lack relevant experience, they can not achieve high-yield cultivation of Pueraria lobata. Therefore, training must be done well before introduction and cultivation.

Third, strengthen cooperation with enterprises. Because Pueraria lobata is a high-yielding crop, most of them need deep processing. Therefore, before planting and cultivation, growers must contact the relevant enterprises and find a good market, otherwise they may face the danger of unsalable. At the same time, growers also need to investigate the sales channels of enterprises.

To sum up, through the effective analysis of the high-yield cultivation techniques of Pueraria lobata, we can give some effective suggestions to the farmers who carry out the cultivation of Pueraria lobata. At the same time, because the cultivation technology of Pueraria lobata is relatively simple, the risk of planting Pueraria lobata is relatively small, and a relatively large yield return can be obtained. Therefore, the final economic income of Pueraria lobata mainly depends on whether it can cooperate with good processing enterprises, and whether the processing and sales channels of processing enterprises are stable or not. Only by gradually improving the economic benefits of Pueraria lobata can we promote the rapid development of the local economy.