Seedling raising techniques of wild hazelnut in Guizhou

Seedling raising techniques of wild hazelnut in Guizhou

Hazelnut is one of the four nuts in the world, which is rich in nutrition and unique in flavor. Most of the plants of Corylus are shrubs, small trees or trees, with well-developed roots, beautiful trees and luxuriant branches and leaves. they are excellent tree species for landscaping and soil and water conservation, with good economic and ecological value. There are 4 species of Corylus in Corylaceae in Guizhou, they are C.ferox Var.thibetica, C.yunnanensis, C.heterophylla Var.sutchuensis and C.chinensis Var.fargesii, which are wild species. The main propagation methods of hazelnut are ramet, striping, grafting, cutting and so on. This paper describes the propagation and seedling techniques of wild hazelnut seeds in Guizhou, which is expected to provide reference for the development and utilization of wild hazelnut plants in Guizhou, protection of germplasm resources, scientific research materials and expanded cultivation.

1 seed collection

The ripening period of hazelnut is related to species, growing environment and climatic conditions. The mature period of Yunnan hazel and Sichuan hazel produced in Guizhou is from late July to early August in the lunar calendar, while that of Tibetan hazel and velvet hazel is a little later. In general, those growing on sunny slopes or under better light conditions mature earlier, and in the same clump, the top and the periphery of the canopy mature earlier. The color of hazelnut bud and top can be harvested by changing from white to yellowish brown. Yunnan hazel and Sichuan hazel are 1 × 5 m tufted shrubs, which are better to collect seeds. Tibetan hazel and fluffy Chinese hazel are small and large trees, and tools are needed to help collect seeds. For hazelnuts with relatively concentrated distribution, the woodland can be cleared, the ground can be leveled, and the nuts can be harvested when the nuts are ripe and fall to the ground. It should be noted that hazelnuts must be fully mature to facilitate seed reproduction and seedlings, and nuts that fall to the ground should be collected in time.

2 seed treatment

For Yunnan hazel, Sichuan hazel and Tibetan hazel fruits can be artificially peeled off from the bud after drying. It is difficult to get rid of the bud by hand, and the hard fruit can be removed by the adjusted corn thresher. The principle is that a long cylindrical roll with many thorns is driven by an electric motor, and there is a certain distance between the thorn and the thorn. When turning, the fluffy Chinese hazel nut is extruded from the fruit bud, and the gap between the round thorns can ensure that the nut can be squeezed out smoothly from the fruit bud. It also ensures that the nut shell will not be crushed.

3 accelerating budding

The pericarp, seed coat and embryo of hazelnut all contain substances that inhibit seed germination, so low temperature stratification and hormone treatment are needed, which are mainly suitable for the proper adjustment of Chinese hazel nuts, Sichuan hazel, Yunnan hazel and Tibetan hazel nuts.

In late December of the year before sowing, the seeds were soaked in water and changed water once a day. After most seeds were absorbed and sunk, filtered water was removed, soaked in 80 mg/L gibberellin solution for 24 hours, dried surface water was removed, then the seeds were layered in 1 ℃ ~ 5 ℃ wet vermiculite or wet sand, and the seeds were turned once a week. At the same time, the seeds were opened for 3 to 5 min, water condition was checked frequently and water was replenished in time. To avoid seed drying, stratification treatment for about 80 days, moved to room temperature, sand buried to accelerate germination, turn once a day, when the radicle of the seed just broke through the seed coat, began to sow [3-5].

Outdoor natural stratification can also be used to open 10 cm deep trenches on the seedbed, load the seeds into nylon net pockets, then spread them flat in the dug ditches, cover soil for about 5 cm, cover a small amount of rice straw and other dead branches and leaves, and sow a year later.

(4) selection of seedling site.

Choose loose and fertile sandy loam, flat terrain, small mountain slope, and try to choose land close to water source, convenient drainage and irrigation, sufficient light, leeward and sunny land.

5. Land preparation

In the autumn of the previous year, the sowing land was deeply ploughed for 20 ~ 30 cm, combined with ploughing, and 3m ~ 3 crude fertilizer was applied per 667m ~ 2. The seedling bed is 120 cm wide and 15 cm high. The soil of the bed is held flat and raked fine. The bottom water is poured 3-5 days before sowing, and the ridge width is 60 cm.

6 sowing

Those sown in spring should be sown as early as possible without being harmed by late frost. The distance between adjacent seeds of ridge cultivation and sowing was 60.8 cm. Bed planting: row spacing 20 cm, seed spacing 5 / 6 cm. First trench was made on the flattened ridge or bed surface with a depth of 5 cm, and then the pure seeds screened by wet sand were scattered to the bottom of the ditch according to the row spacing, covered with soil for 3 cm and pressed slightly.