Control measures of diseases and insect pests of Fritillaria ussuriensis

Control measures of diseases and insect pests of Fritillaria thunbergii

1 disease prevention and control

1. 1 Sclerotinia disease

Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, also known as black rot, is the most serious underground disease of Fritillaria thunbergii. The bulb leaves produce black spots when they are killed, and the tissue under the disease spot turns gray. In severe cases, the whole bulb blackens, wrinkles and dry rot, and a black sclerotia the size of rice grains is formed under the epidermis of the bulb. The aboveground part of the killed plant wilted and withered. The occurrence of the old Fritillaria garden was serious, resulting in a large area of lack of seedlings and even the whole field was destroyed. It can occur from April to September every year, with the peak period from soil thawing to leaf expansion, from summer dormancy to before winter.

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Control method: establish disease-free seed field through sexual reproduction and supply disease-free seed planting. When introducing and planting, we should strictly quarantine, remove diseased bulbs, screen mixed soil, and often check after planting, such as timely treatment of susceptible plants, dig out diseased plants and diseased soil, change new soil after disinfecting disease holes with lime powder, and replant disease-free bulbs; rotation with field crops, Gramineae is better; select high-dry land and grow with mature fertilizer; root with 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times.

1. 2 rust (Uromyces ussuriensis maxix)

Rust, also known as "jaundice", is the main disease of stems and leaves on Fritillaria thunbergii. It usually occurs in the first ten days of May, especially after a long drought. First of all, a yellowish-brown oblong or irregular protruding tumor appeared on the back of the leaf and the lower part of the stem, and the yellow powder spread with the wind after rupture. The tissue of the spore pile was perforated and the stems and leaves withered, causing the aboveground stems and leaves of Fritillaria thunbergii to fall and wither ahead of time. The peak period was in the middle and last ten days of May. There are many dark brown spores on the back of leaves, stems and petioles, and a large number of winter spores are scattered after rupture, which overwintering on withered branches and leaves, and the plants in the whole field are yellowish brown, affecting yield and quality.

Control methods: eliminate weeds in the field; every year, after the Fritillaria seedlings withered, clean up the Fritillaria garden, clear the withered branches and leaves out of the garden, deeply bury or burn them; reasonable close planting, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer and farm manure; chemical control: spraying 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times before emergence. After leaf spreading, 200-fold solution of diazepam sodium or 400-fold solution of Weiling was sprayed once every 7 days for 4 ~ 5 times, and the effect was very good.

1. 3 black rot

Black rot damages the bulb, and when it is serious, the whole bulb becomes black and rotten.

The method of prevention and treatment is to remove the diseased plant, spread lime to disinfect the disease point, and irrigate the root with 50% carbendazim 800 times solution.

2 pest control

2. 1 mole cricket

Mole cricket is African mole cricket (Gryllotalpa africana Palisotde Beauvois) and North China mole cricket (G. unispina Saussure), also known as Lala cricket, mainly harms the seedling field. The adult lurks in the soil during the day, harms the bulb and drills many holes in the border at night, ventilates the soil and separates the bulb from the soil, causing the plant to wither and die, so that the whole seedling can not be obtained in the seedling field.

Control methods: do not apply immature fertilizer; steam half-cooked with perilla or millet, mix it with trichlorfon 1 ∶ 10 to make poison valley, sprinkle it into the border soil; use the phototaxis of adults to trap and kill with light at night.

2. 2 golden needle worm

Golden needle worms are Pleonomus canaliculatusFalderman and Agriote fusaicollis Mina, also known as iron filariasis and ginger worms, among which the damage is the most serious. Bite Fritillaria thunbergii stems, bulbs, renewal buds, causing Fritillaria wilt and death. Control method: when preparing or loosening the soil, apply trichlorfon powder or mix it into a poison valley to trap and kill. After emergence, 600-fold solution of trichlorfon can be infused to control the occurrence of insect pests. Capture the potatoes manually, cut the potatoes into small pieces, boil medium well and mix medicine, bury them in the border in the evening, check the next morning, and clean up the insect carcasses. Or bury the germinated corn kernels in the soil and pick them up two days later.

2. 3 ground tiger

The ground tiger is also known as the soil silkworm, the interceptor and the root cutter. there are mainly three kinds of small land tiger, yellow tiger and earth tiger that harm Fritillaria. They are widely distributed and have mixed feeding habits. The newly hatched larvae are concentrated on the back of the leaves and dispersed after the 3rd instar. They mainly bite Fritillaria seedlings. Generally, one larva harms nearly 10 plants in one night. There are more Rain Water in spring, and the low-lying plots prone to waterlogging and weeds are more serious.

Control methods: remove weeds and reduce the source of insects. Per mu (667m2, the same below), 2kg trichlorfon powder was sprinkled into the seedbed, or sprayed with 700x liquid of trichlorfon in the 1st or 2nd instar larvae, or poisoned by trichlorfon and pakchoi.

2. 4 grub

Grub (Holotrichia diomphalia Bate) is the larva of the northeast big black Gill beetle, which damages the bulb, and in severe cases, the seedlings of Fritillaria thunbergii wilt and die. Adults damage leaves and affect photosynthesis and normal plant growth.

Control methods: the newly developed Fritillaria land should be excavated to investigate the insect population density. If the insect population density is high, pest control measures should be taken before sowing or transplanting. Mix 2kg trichlorfon powder with fine soil per mu and spread it evenly on the soil surface, then plough and turn the bed; cultivate carefully, do not apply immature manure.

2. 5 zokor

Zokor, also known as blind mouse, is harmful to Fritillaria bulb, which is not only eaten, but also stored in large quantities in late autumn, resulting in lack of seedlings and broken strips in Fritillaria land, which seriously affects the yield. Each year, there are the most activities in April, May and August and September, with morning and evening activities, light rainy days and cloudy days.

Prevention and control method: use it to manually capture the habit of blocking holes. In the passage where it is often active, it uses ground arrows to hunt and kill.

2. 6 mountain rats

This mouse does not eat Fritillaria bulbs and is an insectivorous animal, but it strings holes in the seedbed, causing Fritillaria seedlings to die of cold and cause harm.

Prevention and control methods: artificial capture, using ground arrows to kill; digging trenches in the land near the mountain forest to intercept.