How to afforest and use rocky slopes?

How to afforest and use rocky slopes?

1 methods of slope greening

According to the structural characteristics of the slope, classified greening is carried out, and eight kinds of slope sub-greening methods are adopted, such as thick base material spraying greening, platform soil planting greening, vine climbing net-assisted greening, masonry retaining wall backfilling greening and so on.

The main results are as follows: (1) the method of digging small platform, making pit with plant bag cofferdam, spraying and planting thick base material with plastic net, which is referred to as "digging hole spray sowing and planting tree".

(2) planting bag downslope, planting bag cofferdam to make pit, plastic net + flexible net thick layer base material spray sowing and planting greening method, referred to as "along the slope pit double net spray seeding tree planting method".

(3) the method of hole drilling, adding wood retaining wing, planting bag cofferdam, spraying and planting of thick base material with plastic net, which is referred to as "hole drilling and soil retaining pit spray sowing and tree planting method".

(4) the method of drilling hole, wrapping plastic net and spraying and sowing thick base material with flexible net, which is referred to as "drilling double net spray seeding method".

(5) the method of spraying and planting trees along the slope of planting bag, making pit with planting bag cofferdam, spraying and planting thick base material with plastic net, which is referred to as "spray sowing and planting tree along slope".

(6) the planting and greening method of platform planting bag cofferdam and guest soil backfilling, which is referred to as "platform backfilling tree planting method".

(7) the planting trough, backfilling planting soil and vine climbing net assistant greening method of planting bag cofferdam at the foot of slope, which is referred to as "vine climbing net assistant method".

(8) the method of building retaining wall at the foot of slope and backfilling of guest soil along the slope, which is referred to as "retaining wall backfilling tree planting method".

(2) Greening design technology

(1) digging a small platform. While cutting the slope, dig pit-type small platform, small platform wide 80cm, long 120cm. The distance between the small platform on the slope is about 4m × 4m, left and right according to the horizontal distance, up and down according to the slope distance.

(2) making pit with plant bag cofferdam. A planting pit is created by overlaying a plant bag cofferdam on the outer edge of the small platform. The inner slope is filled with garden soil + peat + perlite according to the ratio of 5 ∶ 3 ∶ 2, and then bamboo poles are inserted as benchmarking to facilitate the planting of seedlings after spraying.

The plant bag is made of degradable non-woven fabric, the specification is long 60cm, wide 40cm plant bag, green, the bag is filled with 10% peat and 90% sifted planting soil matrix.

(3) laying and hanging wrapped plastic net. The green plastic wrap net is used to hang the net nail net. The wrapped plastic net is green, the mesh diameter is 5cm × 5cm, and it is laid from top to bottom. The upper end is fixed by 40cm spacing with long 60cm, 8mm and threaded steel nails with hooks at the top. The 10cm is overlapped between the screen and the screen. The mesh is fixed on the rock surface with steel bars of long 30cm and 4mm as anchors, with 5 anchors per square meter to ensure that the distance between the mesh and the rock surface is within 4cm, almost close to the rock surface, and add anchors if necessary. For the local macadam face, the anchor length should be increased because the thickness of the gravel exceeds that of 30cm.

(4) thick layer base material spray seeding. The prepared plant growth matrix and seeds are fully mixed by a blender, and the matrix and seeds are sprayed together on the working rock surface hung with a net by a special spraying machine. The thickness of seeding is not less than 12cm. After spraying and sowing, cover the sunshade net in time, and watering and curing to promote seed germination.

① matrix ratio: the spray sowing substrate is prepared with peat, planting soil, grass fiber, rice bran, compound fertilizer, binder and water-retaining agent according to a certain proportion. The planting soil needs to be screened to remove soil particles and gravel whose particle size is not less than 2cm. The A layer topsoil of the surrounding mountain of 1kg was added to every 100 jin of planting soil to mix with the seeds of natural vegetation.

② plant seed ratio: plant seeds are mixed with woody and herbaceous plants. Among them, woody plants choose beautiful Lespedeza, horsethorn, corymbose cassia, Robinia pseudoacacia and small wax, while herbs choose Bermudagrass, tall fescue and alfalfa.

(5) planting green seedlings. When spray sowing seeds emerge to 3~4cm, remove the sunshade net in time, cut off the net for the planting pit created by the plant bag cofferdam, and plant full-crown privet and Pistacia chinensis container seedlings with a height of 1.3cm 1.5 m and a base diameter of 1.5~2.0cm (off-base 10cm) according to 1 ∶ 1. Proper pruning of branches and leaves during planting to reduce transpiration and evaporation.

(6) the plant bag is downslope. Aiming at the local sunken slope, the plant bag is adopted along the slope, and the plant bag is superimposed on the depression body to make the slope smooth. The plant bag is made of degradable non-woven fabric, and the specification is long 50cm and wide 30cm. Aiming at the local small platform, making full use of the small platform, the plant bag cofferdam is used to build the pit. The plant bag is made of long 60cm, wide 40cm and degradable non-woven fabric. The pit is filled with a plant substrate containing 10% of cooked rotten livestock and poultry commercial organic fertilizer, and then inserted with bamboo poles as benchmarking, so that it is easy to sit in the right seat and plant seedlings after spraying.

(7) laying the flexible net of hanging bags. On the basis of laying and hanging the plastic net, the flexible net is laid again. The single-layer TECCO flexible protection net with mesh 25cm × 25cm is selected. The flexible net is fixed by 1.5m long 12mm anchor with anchor head, the anchor spacing is 2m × 2m, the anchor hole diameter is 10cm, the hole depth is 1.6m, and the anchor hole is filled with M20 cement mortar. The flexible net and the wrapped plastic net are fastened with iron wire to ensure that the flexible net is closely attached to the wrapped plastic net.

(8) drilling. Drilling holes are carried out for partially smooth rock surfaces. The pore diameter is 10cm, the hole depth is 50cm, the density is 1.2m × 1.2m, and the pore is filled with a plant matrix containing 10% cooked rotten livestock and poultry organic fertilizer.

(9) wooden strip retaining wings. Square wood strips are added between the holes, and retaining wings are added to the 30cm under the holes.

The 4cm is square and 1m long, and its ends are fixed on the rock surface with steel bars of long 30cm and 4mm. The retaining wing is made of galvanized iron sheet with long 60cm, wide 12cm and thick 0.6mm, and the steel bars of long 30cm and 4mm are welded at both ends and fixed on the rock surface.

Sprinkling water to maintain and preserve soil moisture on highway slope