Culture and Regeneration Techniques of Pear Branches in Scaffolding

Scaffolding pear branch group culture and renewal technique

Cultivating stable fruiting branch group is one of the core techniques of fruit tree shaping and pruning. All backbone branches and perennial branch groups of scaffolding pears are fixed on the shelf surface, and a large number of new shoots will appear on the back. These new shoots can easily cultivate new fruiting branches and fruiting branches. The varieties of sand pear system are easy to flower, and it is easy to form chicken claw branches after continuous fruiting, which leads to the weakening of branch group, smaller fruit and worse quality, so it is best to use scaffolding tree shape in production. to facilitate the cultivation of new branches (fruiting branches generally do not exceed 4 years). In production, many people also use scaffolding technology to produce pears, but they have not mastered the method of using scaffolding to culture and renew fruiting branches. This paper briefly introduces the technology of scaffolding pear fruiting branch culture and renewal.

1 Culture of fruiting branch group

Results the branch group was generally formed from the robust shoots on the backbone branches. When the new shoot is properly cut off, and then properly drawn in the next spring, the most suitable angle to the shelf surface is 40 °, so that the branch will form a certain number of long, medium and short fruit branches in the second year, forming a small fruiting branch group (figure 1). In the second year of winter pruning, the two highly competitive branches in the front are often thinned out (figure 1). At the same time, the elongated branches in the fruiting branch group were truncated (truncated 1cm, 3cm, 6cm, 20cm, 30cm), and the buds were generally left. After winter pruning, the end of the biennial branch was fixed on the shelf surface, and the extended branch was properly drawn to 40 °with the shelf surface (figure 2). Using the same method in the third and fourth years, a large and stable fruiting branch group can be formed after 3 years (figure 3) [Jishan Huayao].

Fig. 1 Culture process of small fruiting branches of scaffolding pear

Fig. 2. Group treatment of 4-year-old fruiting branches

Fig. 3 results of scaffolding Lizhi group

In summer, it is often necessary to bind the sprouting golden mean branches on the fruiting branches to facilitate the formation of flowers and form small fruiting branches (figure 4). When binding, pay attention to the traction to the place where there is space. A stable fruiting branch group (3 or 4 years old) is generally an isosceles triangle, leaving 12 fruits in the growing season, the total number of leaves is about 600, and the ratio of leaf to fruit is 60 to 70 (figure 3).

Fig. 4 binding of branches of the mean

2 pruning of fruiting branch group

The pear trees cultivated in the scaffolding at the full fruit stage are generally dominated by long-axis large fruiting branches. Varieties mainly bearing short fruit branches (such as Xinshui) generally truncate the branches lightly, form better flower buds in the selected branches, and leave 1-2 heavy short branches in the annual branches at the front of the branch group in the coming year, in order to form short fruit branches and flower buds after the branches are produced, and the other annual branches are sparse. In this way, a long-axis branch group was cultivated, and the life span of the branch group was 4-5 years. After that, it was removed from the base, and then the new fruiting branch group was cultivated. Remember not to throw off and leave more branches, so as not to form a large number of chicken claw branches (figure 5).

Fig. 5 Chicken claw branches formed on the shelf surface

For varieties with axillary flower buds bearing mainly, such as Xingshui, Fengshui, etc. (figure 6), the life span of the branch group is generally no more than 4 years. The annual branches on the branch group should be drawn in time to facilitate the formation of full axillary flower buds, such as vigorous and erect, axillary flower buds only at the top of the general sparse. When pruning in winter, the thicker overgrown branches and vegetative branches are generally sparse, and when the reserve branches are needed, the base is generally 0.8-1.3 cm thick, and the moderately growing branches are cut in half and leave buds. It is not tied to the shelf surface in winter and will be retracted during the growing season.

Fig. 6 fruit setting of axillary flower buds

3. Update of fruiting branch group

When the fruiting branch group on the backbone branch and lateral branch is senescent, it is necessary to cultivate a new fruiting branch group to replace it. In general, the fruit quality of the new branch of sand pear variety 2-3 years old is good. When the fruiting branch group is weak, it should be renewed in time, and the new fruiting branch group should be cultured with strong new branches at the base. There are two commonly used regeneration methods, one is to use the new branches germinated on the backbone branches (figure 7), and the other is to use the new branches germinated at the base of the branch group to renew the branches (figure 8). When Fengshui and other varieties renew the upper branch group of the backbone branch, the residual pile is often left under the saw, and the branches germinated on the residual pile are used to renew the branch group (figure 9). When renewing the fruiting branch group, the middle and lower part of the axis of the backbone branch should be selected for culture. This kind of branch is easy to flower and has stable fruit.

Fig. 7 using backbone branches to germinate branches and renew fruiting branches

Fig. 8 Regeneration of fruiting branches by germinating shoots at the base of branch groups

Fig. 9 New branches sprouting after leaving stumps during winter shearing