Cultivation and management techniques of Trichosanthes kirilowii

Cultivation and management techniques of Trichosanthes kirilowii

Trichosanthes, also known as Trichosanthes, is a perennial herbaceous plant belonging to the genus Trichosanthes of Cucurbitaceae. It is used as medicine in fruit, shell, seed and root. The fruit shell traditional Chinese medicine is named Guiloupi, the seed traditional Chinese medicine is Trichosanthes kirilowii, and the root traditional Chinese medicine is Trichosanthes (root). The bark of Trichosanthes has the effect of moistening the lungs and resolving phlegm, relieving phlegm, slippery intestines and defecation. Trichosanthes has the effects of clearing the lung, nourishing the stomach, relieving cough, reducing fire, detumescence and so on. The standardized cultivation techniques of Trichosanthes kirilowii are as follows.

1 biological characteristics

Trichosanthes kirilowii is not resistant to drought, afraid of waterlogging, and more resistant to cold. I like a warm and humid climate. It grows well in the loam with deep soil layer, loose fertile soil, good drainage and half-yin and half-yang. Saline-alkali land and low-lying land prone to stagnant water are not suitable for planting.

2. Land selection and preparation

Trichosanthes kirilowii is a deep-rooted crop, which should be planted in sandy loam with deep soil layer, fertile soil and good drainage. Before freezing, deep ploughing the soil, raking fine and leveling, digging ditches according to row spacing 1.5m, wide 30cm, deep 50cm, weathering and ripening soil. Before planting in the spring of the following year, 2 500kg of mixed compost such as rotten barnyard manure, cake fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer were applied into the ditch before planting in the following spring, and then the ditch surface was filled with fine soil and watered through the ditch to be planted when the soil moisture was suitable.

3 sowing

Trichosanthes kirilowii is generally propagated by seeds. The ripe fruits were selected, the seeds were taken out, and the seedlings were raised in the hotbed in the middle of March. Before sowing, soak the selected seeds in warm water of 40: 50 ℃ for 8 hours, dry them slightly, mix them with wet sand, and put them in an environment of 25: 30 ℃. When most of the seeds are cracked, sow according to the specifications of row spacing 15~20cm, plant spacing 7cm and deep 4cm, cover fine soil 3cm after sowing, and cover the hotbed with plastic film to facilitate heat preservation and moisture preservation. When the seedlings grow 2-3 true leaves, dig and transplant. When transplanting, the holes were dug according to the 30cm of row spacing, hole diameter and hole depth, sufficient base fertilizer was applied in the hole, mixed with subsoil, and then filled with fine soil 10cm. 3 seedlings were planted in each hole, and the soil was slightly pressed and watered.

4 field management

During the growing period, the weeds were removed by ploughing in time, and the weeding stopped after the plants were closed. 10-15 days after transplanting, 0.1% urea and 10~20mg/kg gibberellin were sprayed once to accelerate plant growth. When the plant was 1.5 m high, 1 000kg of mature human and animal manure was applied per mu. In July, 1 500kg of mature human and animal manure was applied per mu. From the second year, when the seedling height 30cm, topdressing rotten barnyard manure 500kg per mu, trenching between rows, covering soil and watering; before flowering, topdressing 1 000kg of rotten barnyard manure and calcium superphosphate 20kg per mu, ditching between rows, covering soil and watering after application. When the stem height of Trichosanthes kirilowii is 30cm, set up a 1.5 m high scaffolding, leaving 2 or 3 sturdy vines for each plant to climb and grow on the shelf, and cut off the rest of the lateral vines. After Trichosanthes kirilowii was put on the shelf, the overdense and weak branches, overgrown branches and axillary buds were removed in time to make the stems grow evenly. The male and female plants were arranged at the ratio of 6:1 between the rows or near the shelf of Trichosanthes kirilowii. At the flowering stage, at 8: 9 in the morning, the male pollen blooming on the same day was dipped with a brush and smeared on the pistil stigma of the female flower one by one, and the fruit setting rate could be greatly increased by artificial pollination. Before freezing, an appropriate amount of barnyard manure was applied around the rhizosphere of the plant combined with intertillage, and then the stem vine was cut off 1m from the ground, leaving the stem trailing on the ground, and the soil was cultivated into a small mound with high 30cm to prevent freezing injury.

5Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests

Trichosanthes kirilowii has strong adaptability and few diseases, mainly insect pests.

5.1 aphids

Aphids often gather on tender stems and leaves to draw juice for damage. Control method: spray with 40% dimethoate EC 800-1000 times.

5.2 Huang Shougua

Huangshou melon is harmful to the leaves, and the larvae can be eaten into the main root. Control method: spray with 90% trichlorfon 1000 times liquid.

6. Harvesting and processing

The fruit began to bear fruit 1-2 years after transplanting. In September, the whole house was harvested when the fruit was green. When picking, cut the stem from 1m from the ground, hang the stem vine with fruit pedicel in a ventilated place to dry, and get the whole Trichosanthes; cut the ripe fruit from the pedicel, take out the inner flesh and seeds to dry, that is, the bark; after adding plant ash, rub the inner flesh repeatedly, clean the inner flesh in water, and dry it into the kernel. In the third year after planting, after digging the root in late October, remove the Reed head, wash the soil, scrape off the rough skin while fresh, cut into 10~20cm long short nodes, thick longitudinally cut into 2-4 pieces, and dry the pollen. The skin of Lou Lou is dry, thick, without flesh, yellowish brown on the outside, yellow and white on the inside, and neat flaps. The root (Trichosanthes) is dry, without yellow or yellow tendons, white, solid, and powdery feet.