Study on different compound planting patterns of Dictyophora and Polygonatum polygonatum under Castanea henryi forest

Study on different compound planting patterns of Dictyophora and Polygonatum polygonatum under Castanea henryi forest

Fund Project: integrated demonstration and Popularization of key techniques of Forest-fungus compound cultivation in mountainous areas of Southern Zhejiang Province (Project No.: 2014ts16)

In 2015, the central science and technology demonstration project of two kinds of forest-fungus compound circular management model in southern Zhejiang was implemented in Qingyuan County. The project creatively combined the compound management model of Castanea henryi forest-Polygonatum chinensis and Castanopsis grossedentata forest-Dictyophora acanthophora, and formed a forest-medicine-fungus compound management model of "upper Castanea henryi + lower Polygonatum polygonatum and Dictyophora spinosa", which achieved good results. Rhizoma Polygonatum is generally harvested in 3 to 4 years, with an investment of 165000 yuan hm-2 in 4 years, with an average annual capital investment. After interplanting Dictyophora, it can not only improve the land utilization rate, but also raise the growth in a short time, and reduce the pressure of capital investment under the forest. A large amount of bacterial residue retained after picking of Dictyophora is a good organic fertilizer, which can be artificially covered on the planting border of Polygonatum chinensis, which improves the soil structure and water and fertilizer conditions of Castanea henryi woodland, accelerates the circulation rate of resources, and promotes the growth of Polygonatum and Castanea henryi. Through the study on the difference of yield, basic labor and labor intensity of interplanting Dictyophora under Castanea henryi forest, in order to select the suitable planting mode of interplanting Dictyophora under the forest, and to provide technical reference for the economic management model of "one mu of ten thousand yuan per mu" which is actively promoted in Zhejiang Province.

1 materials and methods

1.1 Overview of the experimental site

The experimental site is located in Qingyuan County, Pingdu Street, Yucun Village, Qingyuan County, Yikang Agriculture and Forestry Science and Technology Co., Ltd., with geographical coordinates of 118 °59m 10.9 "Ezone 27 °35mm 48.2" N, elevation 409m and horizontal ladder width 2m 4m. Red soil, subtropical monsoon climate, annual average temperature 17.6 ℃, hottest month (July) average temperature 26.9 ℃, coldest month (January) average temperature 7 ℃, average annual rainfall 1 746.9 mm, annual average relative humidity 77%, annual average frost-free period 255 days. The forest is divided into pure Castanea mollissima forest, which is a fine family of oil hazel, yellow hazel and black shell long awn, with the age of 14 years, the peak period, the ground diameter of 15.6 ±3.4m, the tree height of 6.2 ±1.4m, the average row spacing of 4.8m × 5.1m, the average crown width of 6.3m × 6.5m and the canopy density of 0.70.8. Rhizoma Polygonatum was planted in November 2013. The planting border was arranged perpendicular to the horizontal ladder belt with a row spacing of 20 cm × 40 cm;. After planting, the width of the border was 1: 1.2 m, the height of the border was 25: 30 cm, and the width of the operating ditch was 30: 40 cm.

1.2 Test materials

The cultivation materials of Dictyophora are bamboo scraps with 53%-56% moisture content after 40 days of heap fermentation, which are scraps of bamboo chips and bamboo powder from local bamboo processing enterprises; Dictyophora strains are purchased from Gutian, Fujian Province, with strain specifications of 14 cm × 27 cm.

1.3 Experimental design and methods

The Polygonatum chinense planting area under Castanea henryi forest, which is basically the same as site condition, slope aspect and slope position, was selected and treated with stacked species, side species and furrow species (whole furrow species and semi-furrow species) respectively. The feeding area of each treatment was more than 2m2, the feeding amount was 37.5 kg ·m-2, and the strain was 2 packages. The planting methods of each treatment are as follows:

The method of replanting is to plant Dictyophora on the border surface of Huangjing. The cultivation material of Dictyophora was spread on the border surface of planting Huangjing, and the feeding range was 20 m2 away from the border surface. Side planting method: planting Dictyophora on the side of the Polygonatum polygonatum planting border. The width of the paving material is from the width of the operating ditch to the outer edge of the border, and the length is 20 cm at each end of the Polygonatum planting border.

Whole ditch species: that is, Polygonatum is planted on the operating ditch perpendicular to the horizontal ladder belt. The length of paving material is 20 cm at each end of Polygonatum planting border, and the width of paving material is the width of operating ditch.

Semi-ditch species: that is, the length of the paving material of Dictyophora is the length of the operating ditch, and the width of the paving material is the width of the operating ditch.

The method for determining the basic labor time of the planting pattern of Dictyophora per unit area is as follows: the planting area of each planting mode is more than 5m ~ 2; the workers participating in the time measurement are the same person, and the basic labor measurement interval 30min of each planting mode, and then carry on the basic labor measurement time of the next planting mode. According to the different working contents, each planting mode is divided into six working procedures: clear garden (litter on the horizontal ladder belt, chestnut cattail concentrated in the paving area), paving, whole material, sowing, soil covering and straw laying, and each process is connected according to the sequential construction method. Each process is measured and recorded with a stopwatch.

Cultivation and management of Dictyophora: each treatment was covered with soil for 6 cm after inoculation. When the temperature is below 18 ℃, cover the plastic film to cause bacteria; when the mycelium is unearthed into a fungal cord, remove the film and cover it with rice straw or chestnut leaves; increase the replenishment water after a large number of bacterial eggs appear, spray once in the morning and evening; after the harvest of Dictyophora japonica, stop water for 5 days for 7 days, and then pour heavy water on the border surface.

Data collection: Dictyophora was harvested everywhere during the harvest period, and the fresh weight was measured and recorded. Data processing and analysis: Excel 2007 and SPSS 19.0 were used for data processing and analysis of variance.

2 results and analysis

2.1 difference of yield of Dictyophora interplanted with Polygonatum polygonatum in different planting patterns

The yield of Dictyophora from high to low is in the following order: semi-ditch species > whole-ditch species > lateral species > overlapping species (Table 1). Among them, the yield of Dictyophora was only 39.1g m-2 and 40.8g m-2 between semi-ditch species and gully species, side species and superposition species, and the difference was not significant, while the yield of ditch species (including gully species, semi-ditch species, the same below) was 233.7 g m-2 and 274.5 g m-2 higher than that of side species and overlapping species. The results of analysis of variance showed that there was no significant difference in the effect of different planting patterns on the yield of Dictyophora (Franch 1.419 and 0.307 > 0.05).

Table 1 yield difference of Dictyophora under forest and Polygonatum polygonatum in different planting patterns / g m ~ 2

2.2 the basic use of different planting methods of interplanting Polygonatum polygonatum under the forest.

Difference between working time and labor intensity

The basic labor time per unit area of each planting pattern was the largest, the lateral species was the second, and the furrow species was the smallest (Table 2). Among them, the furrow species saved 137 s m-2 compared with the overlapping ones, and 78 s m-2 less than the lateral ones.

There were significant differences in work intensity among different planting methods. on the whole, the work intensity was the highest in overlapping planting, followed by lateral planting, and the lowest in intercropping. Taking the paving and soil covering process which takes up a large amount of time as an example, due to the limitation of the paving face and the short vertical transportation of soil and soil to the working face, the working intensity is obviously higher than that of interplanting and side planting, and the labor intensity increases, which will inevitably lead to the extension of the necessary rest time, so that the working time per unit planting area will be increased and the work efficiency will be reduced.

Table 2 difference of basic labor time of Dictyophora interplanting Polygonatum polygonatum in different planting patterns / s m ~ 2

3 conclusion and discussion

The main results are as follows: 1) there is no significant difference in the yield of Dictyophora between different planting patterns. However, on the whole, the yield of Dictyophora planted in furrow was higher than that of lateral and multiple planting, which was 12.4% and 14.9% higher than that of lateral and superplanted Dictyophora, respectively. If the planting area of Dictyophora was 3000 m2 ·hm-2 (the same below), the fresh yield of ditch planting increased 701.1kg ·hm-2 and 823.5 kg ·hm-2 compared with lateral and overlapping species. The dry rate of fresh Dictyophora was 10% and the sales price of Dictyophora was 200 yuan kg-1, the yield increased by 14022 yuan hm-2 and 16470 yuan hm-2, respectively. The yield of Dictyophora is increased obviously by ditch planting, which has a certain positive significance in production.

2) among the different planting methods of interplanting Dictyophora under the forest, the artificial input of ditch species is the least, the labor intensity is the lightest, the lateral species is the second, and the overlapping planting is the largest. The artificial input of furrow species was 114.2 h ·hm-2 and 65 h ·hm-2 less than that of lateral and overlapping species, respectively, and the effective working time was 8 h / d and the artificial wage was 150 yuan / d, respectively, and the labor cost of furrow species was 2.141 yuan ·hm-2 and 1219 yuan ·hm-2 less than that of side and side species. With the superposition of labor input and labor intensity, the effect of saving labor cost is more obvious.

3) through the study on the difference of yield, artificial input and intensity of Dictyophora in different planting methods under Castanea henryi forest, the results showed that the yield of Dictyophora was the highest, the labor cost was the lowest, and the economic benefit was obvious. Rhizoma Polygonatum interplanting under the forest should choose the way of ditch planting. The effects of different planting methods on the growth of Polygonatum polygonatum need to be further studied.