Bonsai cultivation techniques of potted okra

Bonsai cultivation techniques of potted okra

1 preparation of flowerpots and selection of placement sites

The garden cultivation of okra needs a flowerpot with a diameter of 40 em and a height of more than 50 cm. The wider the plant is, the more favorable it is for the root extension of the plant. Okra is particularly sensitive to light conditions, requiring long light time and sufficient light. Therefore, should choose the sunny place, strengthen ventilation, pay attention to reasonable placement of flowerpot density, so as not to shade each other, affect ventilation and light.

2 soil selection

Choose loam or sandy loam with better soil quality.

3 preparation of base fertilizer for basin soil

In order to make the plant grow well, the base fertilizer is very important. Before potting, the chicken manure or silkworm sand or other livestock and poultry manure should be fully piled and cooked, and 200x EM original dew ("Tianyi" brand EM original dew produced by Jiangxi Tianyi Biotechnology Development Co., Ltd.) or VT-1000 bacterial solution can be sprayed in the manure, mix well until the water content reaches about 50%, and there are no water droplets by hand. The composting time is more than 15 days.

4 preparation of potted substrate

Mix the soil and base fertilizer in a flowerpot according to 3:1, fill it with mud and spread a layer of soil 5 / 8 cm thick on the upper layer. Then spray 500x of EM original solution dilution, the soil is just wet and set aside.

5 sowing and raising seedlings

5.1 sowing season

It can be cultivated in spring and summer to the south of the Yangtze River, but it is mainly sown in spring. The sowing time in spring is from March to April, and it can be harvested from late May to the end of October.

5.2 sowing

Okra often uses seed direct seeding, with 3 seeds in each pot, and the cover is 34 cm thick when sowing. The seed coat of okra is hard, so the seeds should be soaked for 24 hours before sowing, and the water should be washed and changed every 5-6 hours. If the seeds are put in the environment of 25 ℃ and 30 minutes, the seeds can be sowed after sprouting in 3-4 days, and the seedlings can emerge after sowing about 10 days.

6 seedlings colonized

When okra seedlings are unearthed, weak and diseased seedlings should be removed. When okra seedlings grow to 34 true leaves and the seedling height is 10-15 em, only one strong plant is left in each pot, and the rest is removed, or transferred to other pots where the seedlings are not growing well. And apply enough water to fix the root to facilitate survival.

7. Field management

7.1 Fertilizer Management

Okra plant tall, more fruit, sufficient fertilizer and water is the key to obtain high yield. Okra should be fertilized many times during the growing period in addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer. After seedling emergence, okra was topdressing with 10 g urea per pot, and the second time, 30 g compound fertilizer was applied in each pot after seedling setting or planting, and the seedling height was 30 cm, 40 g or a ladle of dilute manure water was applied in each pot when the seedling height was 30 g. In the middle and later stage of growth, topdressing was applied many times as appropriate, and dilute dung water was drenched every 10 days after fruit harvest to prevent plant premature senescence.

7.2 weeding and soil cultivation

After okra seedlings are unearthed or planted, it is necessary to avoid competing with weeds for fertilizer and water and weeding in time. It was carried out once every 7 times every 10 days. After flowering and fruiting, the plant growth is accelerated. After each watering and topdressing, a small spoon shovel is used to evenly loosen the soil to prevent the plant from lodging. In the rainstorm and windy areas in summer, it is best to choose about 1 m bamboo poles and branches to be inserted near the plant, and then tie them into a "8" shape with a rope to prevent lodging.

7-3 plant adjustment

In the early stage of okra plant growth, the lateral branches should be removed in time, which is beneficial to the early fruiting of the main stem and increase the yield. If the vegetative growth is too prosperous in the early stage of growth, the method of twisting the petiole can also be adopted to twist the petiole into a curved sag to control the vegetative growth; in the middle and later stage of growth, the old leaves below the tender fruit have been harvested in time, which can improve the ventilation and light conditions, reduce nutrient consumption, and prevent the spread of diseases and insect pests; harvest fruit should be picked in time, which can promote the maturity of the fruit, facilitate the fullness of the grain and improve the seed quality.

7.4 watering and watering

Okra is resistant to drought and moisture, but not to waterlogging. The excessive soil moisture during the germination period is easy to induce seedling blight. During the drought period, the plant growth is poor and the quality is poor, so the soil should be kept moist all the time. Potted okra lose water quickly, should pay attention to observation, at least once a day (preferably sooner or later can water), to prevent basin soil drought. The summer season is in the peak harvest period of okra, and the soil surface temperature is high, so it should be watered before 9 o'clock in the morning and after sunset in the afternoon to avoid root injury under high temperature.

7.5 measures to promote flower and fruit setting

When okra grew 10 ~ 15 cm, the leaves were sprayed with 200m EM 300 times of original dew, and then sprayed once before flowering, and then sprayed once 15 days after each harvest, with EM 200 times solution plus 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution (both can be mixed and sprayed at the same time). After taking such measures, okra has more flowering and fruit setting, stronger fruit, more pulp, sweet and tender quality, longer harvest time and a large increase in yield.

7.6 Disease and pest control

Okra has fewer diseases and insect pests, occasionally harmed by aphids, borer, ants and ground tigers. When okra is planted in the courtyard, it is best to use hanging frequency insecticidal lights and yellow boards to trap and kill adults. If the harm of borer is found, artificial hunting should be taken. 50% aldicarb or aphid spray wettable powder 2 000 2 500 times liquid spray control can be selected. To control the ground tiger, 90% trichlorfon 500 times solution can be poured around the rhizosphere to kill the larvae. In the overcast and rainy season, there are more disease spots in the branches and leaves, and lime can be applied near the base of the plant in time to prevent the spread of the disease.

8 timely harvest

Okra begins to blossom and bear fruit from section 4 to 8. Under the condition of suitable temperature, the tender fruit can be harvested 4 days after flowering. Generally, the tender fruit can be harvested when it is 10-15 cm long and 25 g or so. The yield of early harvest is low, too late harvest is easy to fibrosis, the quality is reduced, and it is not suitable for consumption. In the early stage of harvest, it is usually harvested once in 2-3 days, and in the middle and later stages, it is harvested once in 4 days. Harvest should be carried out in the morning or evening and cut off at the stalk during harvest so as not to damage the branches. Okra stems, leaves, fruits have bristles or thorns, harvest should wear gloves, otherwise the skin is stung, strange itching is unbearable.