What are the factors that should be paid attention to when planting strawberries in greenhouse in the south?

What are the factors that should be paid attention to when planting strawberries in greenhouse in the south?

1 selection of varieties

The selection of strawberry varieties can be considered from three aspects: first, according to the purpose of production. For the purpose of fresh fruit entering the market directly, varieties with good taste, strong fragrance, high sugar content, few abnormal fruits and bright red fruit color should be selected. The second is to select varieties according to the form of cultivation. The mid-early maturity varieties with short dormancy period should be selected in solar greenhouse, and the mid-late maturity varieties with longer dormancy period should be selected in principle in early spring. The third is to select varieties according to the mode of transportation and marketing. If it is transported over a long distance, the varieties with good fruit firmness should be selected; if the distance between production and marketing is relatively close, some varieties with low fruit firmness but other good economic characters can be developed.

(2) selection of strong seedlings and reasonable planting

In the middle and last ten days of September, strong seedlings with more than 5 leaves were selected for planting, so as to achieve "no immersion on the top, no roots on the bottom", and continuous watering after planting until they survived. One week before planting, 667m2 applied rotten farm manure 4000~5000kg, diammonium phosphate 30kg, compound fertilizer 50kg, turned 20~30cm deeply, leveled and raked fine, adopted small high ridge cultivation, ridge height 20cm, ridge width 60~80cm, ridge spacing 100~120cm, planting 2 rows per ridge, plant spacing 12cm 15cm 667m2 planting 8000000 plants.

(3) Management after planting

3.1 in the early stage of temperature management, because the external temperature was still high, in order to promote the growth and development of the plant, the plant was kept at 25: 30 ℃ in the daytime and 12: 14 ℃ at night. When entering the budding stage, the temperature can be 25: 28 ℃ during the day and 10: 12 ℃ at night. If the night temperature exceeds 13 ℃, the axillary flower bud will degenerate and the stamens and pistils will be adversely affected. Entering the flowering stage, the temperature is 23: 25 ℃ in daytime and 8: 10 ℃ at night. The fruit expansion period requires 23: 25 ℃ during the day and 6: 8 ℃ at night. If the daytime temperature is lower than 23 ℃, the strawberry harvest will be delayed, but the fruit can be further increased. To the fruit harvest time, it can be at 20: 23 ℃ in the daytime and 5: 7 ℃ at night.

3.2 humidity management strawberries have strict requirements for air humidity, generally below 80% relative humidity, and 40% to 60% relative humidity during flowering. Too high or too low humidity at flowering stage affects the cracking of stamens and the germination of pollen tubes, resulting in poor pollination and fertilization, an increase in abnormal fruits, and reduced economic benefits of growers. At the same time, if the humidity is too high during the growth period, the plant is easy to be infected with gray mold and powdery mildew.

3.3 the root system of strawberry under water and fertilizer management was shallower, which showed that strawberry preferred temperature, fertilizer and drought tolerance. In addition to applying sufficient base fertilizer before planting, it is also necessary to combine watering and topdressing for 2 times during the rapid growth of the plant, flower bud differentiation, flowering and fruit expansion. Topdressing is mainly available phosphorus and potassium fertilizer with little or no application of nitrogen fertilizer. Topdressing should be applied less frequently, each time 667m2 topdressing 10kg or so.

3.4 Plant finishing and flower thinning and fruit thinning strawberry plants will produce more lateral buds and some stolons during their vigorous growth, so they should be removed in time to promote the flowering and fruiting of the main buds. The old and diseased leaves should also be removed as soon as possible. Flower thinning and fruit thinning can concentrate more nutrients and increase the average single fruit weight. Generally, there are 15 fruits in the first inflorescence and 6 fruits in the second inflorescence. The remaining florets, small fruits and malformed fruits should be removed as soon as possible and taken out of the shed for centralized destruction.

3.5 Auxiliary pollination strawberry belongs to self-pollination plant, but the effect of natural pollination is poor because the flowering period in greenhouse is often under unfavorable conditions such as low temperature, short light time, high humidity and so on. Artificial pollination and bee pollination can increase the number of fruits and significantly reduce abnormal fruits, which is beneficial to the improvement of yield and quality. At present, honeybee pollination is mainly used. 667m2 can meet the requirements of pollination and fertilization with 5000 to 6000 honeybees. When spraying, pay attention to protect the safety of bees, move the hive outside.

3.6 harvested strawberries began to be harvested as soon as the berries were colored with 2 pea 3. Harvest every 1 to 2 days during the peak harvest period, with a stalk, do not hurt the sepals, break at the distance from the sepals 1cm, stacked by stages, do not squeeze during stacking and handling.

4 Control of strawberry diseases and insect pests

4.1 slugs and thrips mainly use tetrameric acetaldehyde to control slugs, and the products include Mehta, Mida, Wukeling and so on, but the effect of imported Mehta is obvious. Regent, Batan, Yunda pyrimidine and other agents can be used to control thrips.

4.2 to control powdery mildew, methyl topiramate or agricultural antibiotic 120 can be mixed with synergist; if drug damage occurs, it can be alleviated by mixing foliar fertilizers such as Yunda-120 and Yunda whole tree fruit in the early stage, and not used as far as possible in the later stage.

4.3 the conventional vaccine of virus disease should be sprayed with virus Yijing, virus Bike, antiviral agent No. 1, Kangrun No. 1 plus Yunda-120 and other agents to inhibit the virus. Virus-free seedlings can also be used for production, but virus-free seedlings should be prevented from growing vigorously, and overgrowth must be controlled in order to get yield earlier.