High-yield and early-maturing cultivation techniques of Maize covered with plastic Film

High-yield and early-maturing cultivation techniques of Maize covered with plastic Film

The cultivation technology of maize covered with plastic film has been developed rapidly in recent years. It has become the key technical measure for the per unit yield of maize to reach a new level. It is known as the "food and clothing project" in many areas. Especially in the poor and cold mountainous areas. Governments at all levels regard the cultivation technology of corn covered with plastic film as a key scientific and technological project to help the poor and become rich.

Plastic film mulching is used in corn production. There are two ways: field cover and seedbed cover. They are introduced as follows:

(1) cultivation techniques of field direct seeding corn with plastic film mulching.

1. The plastic film mulching of maize varieties suitable for plastic film mulching was selected to increase the temperature in the film. So as to promote the early development and maturity of corn. therefore。 In order to make full use of the growing season. The corn covered with plastic film can choose the variety whose growth period is 7 to 15 days longer than that of corn cultivated in local open field.

two。 Proper early sowing and early sowing can increase the accumulation of maize nutrients. It is beneficial to root system development. Mature early and increase production. And it is beneficial to the timely sowing of the following crops. The varieties selected by plastic film mulching have a longer growth period. It is generally a local (alpine area) open field cultivation of high-yielding varieties that can not mature normally. In order to ensure timely maturity. Generally, the sowing date should be 7-10 days earlier than that of open-field cultivation.

The sowing method of corn covered with plastic film. There are those who sow and then cover with plastic film and those who cover with plastic film before sowing. It can be adopted in accordance with local conditions. Cover the film first and then sow the seeds. The hole spacing should be arranged according to the regulations when sowing. Cut some seeds on the film with a knife or a piece of bamboo. And cover with ash or fertile soil. The ecological environment of corn was improved by plastic film mulching. In particular, some growth limiting factors such as low temperature and drought have been improved. Generally, it can increase the planting density by 20% to 30% compared with corn cultivated in open field. That is, an increase of 500 ~ 800 plants per mu. In order to improve the ventilation and light transmission condition after increasing the density. Wide and narrow rows of corn are widely planted in all parts of the country covered with plastic film.

3. Plastic film mulching requires close adhesion between plastic film and border surface (ridge surface). It is paved without wrinkles. The embedding angle of the edge of the film is as vertical as possible. The edge of the film is inserted into the soil about 10 cm. The edge of the film is compacted with soil.

4. Timely breaking the membrane to release seedlings should be sowed first and then covered with film. The seedlings should be broken and released at the right time after the seedlings are unearthed. The suitable period of seedling release is 2-3-leaf stage. Before releasing the seedlings. If the temperature is higher. Should cut every centimeter or so to break the film and make holes to refine the seedlings. Seedlings are vulnerable to cold damage if they are released too early. If it is too late, it is easy to be scalded by high temperature. The method of planting seedlings is to use a knife or a piece of bamboo above the planting hole. Draw the word "+" or "one" at the seedling. The cut should not be too big. With the release of seedlings as the degree: after a good cut. Gently draw the seedlings under the film out of the film. Then the plastic film is compacted. Seal the film hole with wet soil. In the same field. Generally speaking, all the seedlings should be released within 2-3 days within the appropriate period of time. The time of seedling release should be from 9 am to 12:00 and from 4 pm to evening. It is not suitable to release seedlings in high temperature and windy weather at noon: seedlings can be released throughout the day on cloudy days.

5. Field management corn grows under plastic film mulching. The supply of temperature, fertilizer and water is better. There are a large number of roots. But the root distribution is shallow and the aboveground grows rapidly. It is easy to grow and make the stem weak. therefore。 Attention should be paid to the cultivation of the soil. And carry on the reasonable fertilizer and water management. Make the stem grow stout. In case of lodging. Generally speaking, panicle fertilizer can be applied only once. If the film is not uncovered during fertilization, the film can be broken between the rows. In order to facilitate field management. When the corn grows to the 7-leaf stage. All the films can be uncovered. The temperature is rising at this time. Plastic mulching doesn't work either. But in order to prolong the use time of plastic film. Reduce the cost. In some places, there are people who never uncover the film. So that the next crop can continue to be covered with the original film.

(2) Seedling raising and transplanting techniques of maize covered with plastic film

Corn seedlings were covered with plastic film and transplanted. That is, cover the film only in the seedbed. The open field cultivation method was still used after transplanting in the field. This can not only save the plastic film and reduce the cost. And it is convenient for seedling management. Prevent the harm of rats, finches, insects and so on at seedling stage. It can effectively achieve the effect of early ripening and increasing yield. This science and technology. In recent years, it is being rapidly popularized in the mountainous areas below 800 meters above sea level in Hunan Province. It is very popular with the masses. The main technical points of seedling transplanting with plastic film mulching are as follows:

1. The establishment of seedling bed should choose leeward to the sun. The management is convenient. The head of a field, the edge of a field, or a reserved open space near the field. The seedbed is 1.3 to 1.5 meters wide. The bottom of the bed should be flat. It is advisable to be slightly below the ground. In order to prevent waterlogging in the bed. Small trenches should be dug around the bed. And dig drains at both ends.

two。 Nutrient soil preparation method of nutrient bowl: 400 kilograms and 500 kilograms of sifted fertilizer soil per mu. 100 kilograms of high-quality farm manure. 20 kg of fermented cake fertilizer and 20 kg of phosphate fertilizer. Mix well and moisturize with dilute dung water. Squeeze it into a ball with your hands and disperse as soon as you land on the ground. The next day, the nutritious soil will be made by hand or bowl-making bowl. The bowl maker is made of iron and wood. Made into a nutrition bowl with a diameter of 5 cm and a height of 6. 6 cm and weighing 250 to 300 grams. Line up in a pre-prepared seedbed. Fill the bowl with fine soil. When arranging the bowl, the upper part of the bowl should be flush. So that the seedlings can be at the same height. In addition to using nutrition bowl to raise seedlings. Nutritious soil blocks can also be used to raise seedlings. After the nutritious soil is prepared and adjusted in the seedbed. Shovel a piece of bamboo or knife into a nutritious lump of 5cm x 5cm. Poke a small hole in the nutritious soil. 1.5 cm deep. The area of seedling bed and the number of pots should be determined according to the transplanting field area and the number of plants per mu. The general ratio of seedbed to field is about 1:35. Use about 4000 nutrition bowls (blocks) per mu.

3. The sowing time of timely sprouting, sowing and transplanting with plastic film mulching. Generally speaking, the sowing date of direct seeding corn should be about 10 days earlier than that of direct seeding in the open field. Seeds should be soaked and germinated before sowing. Sow 1 grain in each nutrition bowl or block. Make the root face down. The thickness of the soil cover is about 1 cm. It was immediately watered. Then cover the plastic film.

4. The seedbed is managed from sowing to before the 3-leaf stage. Nursery bed management is based on heat preservation. Keep the bed temperature 20: 25 ℃: keep the soil moist before emergence. To facilitate the emergence of seedlings quickly and neatly. When the temperature in the bed exceeds 30 ℃. The film at both ends of the seedbed should be opened for ventilation and cooling. After the third leaf stage. We should start to uncover the film and refine the seedlings.

5. The suitable period of transplanting is that the leaf age reaches 4 to 5 leaves. The local temperature is stable around 15 ℃. When corn is cultivated by direct seeding in the open field. The seedlings can be transplanted to the field in the morning and afternoon on cloudy or sunny days. When transplanting, it is planted into the hole (or ditch) together with the nutrition bowl or nutrition block. Cut and press with fine soil. Make sure the roots are straight and the seedlings are straight. Water immediately after transplanting. Keep the soil moist. To survive. The field management after transplanting is the same as that of direct seeding corn.