Wide-row close planting technique of sour jujube direct seeding garden

Wide-row close planting technique of sour jujube direct seeding garden

Compared with sparse planting and large crown cultivation, the use of integrated management technology can increase the yield by nearly 20%, reduce labor consumption by 30%, reduce the amount of chemical fertilizers and pesticides by nearly 35%, and increase the net benefit by 40% to 50% per 666.7m2.

1 nursery stock cultivation

In order to avoid the shortcomings of a large number of root loss, serious water loss in transportation, low survival rate and slow growth after planting, the seedling cultivation mode of nursery and garden was changed by sowing and raising seedlings in the garden. After seeding and seedling grafting, the survival rate is high, the growth is large, and the garden is neat.

In the spring of the first year, wild jujube seeds were sown with a row spacing of 1.0 × 1.5 m × 4. 5 seeds per hole. After sowing, the seeds were covered with plastic film to promote seed germination. After emergence, the seedlings were carried out at the right time, and 1 plant was left in each hole. Strengthen seedling tending, weeding, topdressing and watering to promote the growth and strength of rootstock seedlings, the rootstock seedlings can grow to about 1m in autumn. In the second year, the scions were grafted from the first ten days of April to the end of May, and the scions were collected and frozen in winter. After the grafting survived, topdressing, watering and foliar fertilization were applied in time. When the seedlings grew to 1.5m, they were coring to promote the maturity and aging of branches and form mature seedlings with secondary branches.

2-frame cultivation

In the winter of the second year or spring of the third year, a column with a height of 3.5 m (0.5 m underground and 3 m above ground) was buried every 15 to 20 m. A total of 6 50cm wires were drawn on the column to form a scaffold for jujube growth.

(3) pruning the hedge

Before the jujube tree germinated in spring, all the jujube seedlings were pulled down and tied to the first wire. On the pulled plant, a secondary branch was selected at the 40cm off the ground, and it was removed from the base or cut short, and cut at the front 1cm, reaching to the xylem to promote the sprouting of the main bud under the notch and the emergence of strong jujube head branches. By strengthening the management of fertilizer and water and spraying fertilizer on leaves in time, the first branch of this jujube can grow above lm in the same year. The pulled-down part, retain all the secondary branches, coring the secondary branches and spraying gibberellin and borax at flowering stage to make them bear fruit in the same year. The following year, the head branches of new jujube were pulled and scratched in the opposite direction according to the same method. In the future, the plastic task can be completed in 6 years according to this method every year. The pulled jujube shoot can be used as a permanent fruiting branch group, but it can not be renewed for many years.

4. Grass growing in jujube orchard

The practice of grass growing between rows and mulching under trees in jujube orchard can greatly reduce the workload of soil ploughing and artificial weeding, and increase the content of soil organic matter. Artificial recommendation or natural grass can be used to grow grass in jujube garden. Artificial recommendation can choose ryegrass, Kentucky bluegrass, white clover and rat thatch. Natural grasses in the management to retain the natural annual or biennial weeds between the rows of fruit trees, to remove perennial weeds, such as perennial weeds, such as perennial weeds, and to remove 60cm weeds around the trunk of fruit trees.

4.1 artificial grass

Before sowing, we should clean up the weeds and agricultural and forestry wastes in the jujube garden, level the soil, apply 3000kg high-quality organic fertilizer per 666.7m2, turn 20~25cm, and rake the soil and fertilizer evenly. In order to avoid soil water deficit caused by drought, the sowing period of orchard grass seeds can be carried out according to the requirements of different grass species, usually from June to September, which can ensure the uniformity of grass seed emergence and safe overwintering. The sowing rate is 630g per square meter according to the seed size. The range of 1m around the trunk is not recommended, and sowing is mainly by sowing or strip sowing. Before sowing, the short-toothed rake was used to gently rake the surface 2~3cm soil between the rows of the orchard, and the grass seeds were spread evenly to the soil surface, and then lightly raked with the short-toothed Harrow to cover the soil 2~3cm and suppress slightly.

4.2 Grass growing management in orchard

Control the grass to grow. To control the growth of grass, cut in time when weed growth exceeds 20cm, generally cutting 2-4 times a year, legume grass should keep stubble above 15cm, Gramineae grass stubble 10cm or so. The mowed grass is scattered on the spot or covered around the tree plate.

Fertilize and cultivate grass. After mowing, nitrogen fertilizer 3~5kg was applied per 666.7m2 to supplement soil surface nitrogen content, provide nitrogen elements for microorganisms to decompose grass mulching and promote straw decomposition.

5 Water and fertilizer management

Water and fertilizer management has an important impact on jujube growth, yield, quality and the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. It is not only a key link of jujube management, but also a work with more labor. The integration of water and fertilizer can greatly save irrigation water and fertilizer, reduce water and fertilizer input and labor, stabilize yield and improve quality. It is estimated that each 666.7m2 can save water 80~100m3, save cost and increase income by more than 200 yuan. Drip irrigation and micro-sprinkler irrigation equipment were laid in each row during the construction of the garden, and the fertilizer was mixed into fertilizer and transported to the root soil of jujube tree at the same time of irrigation to ensure that water and nutrients were supplied evenly, accurately, regularly and quantitatively to jujube tree growth. Fertilizers can generally be selected in line with national standards or industry standards of urea, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate, potassium chloride and other fertilizers. Fertilizer must be soluble fertilizer, high purity, few impurities, soluble in water will not produce precipitation. Potassium dihydrogen phosphate is generally used to supplement phosphorus. Topdressing to supplement trace elements, generally can not be used at the same time with phosphorus topdressing, so as to avoid the formation of insoluble phosphate precipitation, blocking emitters or sprinklers.

6. Green plant protection

Comprehensive control measures should be taken in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests, such as ecological control, agricultural control, biological control, physical trapping and other comprehensive control measures to control jujube diseases and insect pests and produce "green fruits" to ensure product quality and safety. Physical insecticidal lamps and tree trunks can be used to smear sticky insect glue and other physical methods to reduce the occurrence of diseases by balancing fertilizer and water, ventilation and light transmission, controlling yield, improving tree potential and so on. When the insect population density is too high and the disease is serious, biological pesticides and mineral pesticides (Bordeaux solution, stone sulfur mixture, etc.) should be used as far as possible, and chemical pesticides with high efficiency, low toxicity and low residue should be used if necessary. and ensure that chemical pesticides are stopped within the safe period before jujube fruit harvest. Implement tractor towing automatic spraying to improve efficacy and spraying effect.

7 mechanical operation

In all the operations of fruit tree cultivation and management, it is a general trend to use machinery instead of human operation. The implementation of wide row and close planting cultivation and keeping the width of the operating path between rows of 2m is beneficial to mechanical operations such as soil tillage, fertilization, tree pruning, irrigation, pest control, weeding, jujube fruit harvest and so on.