Development Prospect and Technical Countermeasures of Hami Melon Type thick-skinned Melon in South China

Development Prospect and Technical Countermeasures of Hami Melon Type thick-skinned Melon in South China

Fund projects: science and Technology Development Fund of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences (2015JZ84, 2017JM14)

South China (mainly Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous region, Guangdong Province, Hainan Province) is located in the tropics and subtropics, with unique climatic advantages, is the main production area of off-season cultivation of watermelon and muskmelon in China, with an annual cultivation area of about 19.34 million hm ~ 2. With the development of industry and the change of market demand, the industrial structure of watermelon in South China is also being adjusted to develop in the direction of characteristic and high efficiency [Jishan Huayao]. Xinjiang cantaloupe type of thick-skinned melon is one of the new development goals. The author analyzed the basic advantages of climate, location, production, market and industrial development of Hami melon type in South China, and put forward the technical countermeasures for the production of Hami melon type muskmelon in South China according to the comparison and experiment of production and cultivation for many years, so as to provide decision-making reference and technical basis for industrial development.

1 advantages of developing cantaloupe type thick-skinned melon industry in South China

1.1 Climate advantage

South China is located in the south of the motherland and belongs to tropical and subtropical monsoon climate. The annual average temperature is 20-24 ℃, the annual precipitation is 1 400-2 500 mm, and the annual sunshine hours is 1 600-2 500 h. The climate is warm, Rain Water is sufficient, and the four seasons are evergreen. Spring warms quickly and cold autumn comes late in a year. Guangxi and Guangdong Province can carry out 2-crop production in spring and autumn, and Hainan Province can implement 3-crop production in winter, spring and autumn to realize the annual balanced supply of muskmelon in the whole country.

1.2 location advantage

South China is located along the coast and is close to ASEAN countries. Guangxi is the main venue and exchange center of the China-ASEAN Trade Expo and the bridgehead of economy and trade between China and ASEAN countries. It has a great advantage in promoting the development of ASEAN industry and market by "Belt and Road Initiative" radiation. In addition, Guangxi is also the transportation hub of southwest China and ASEAN neighboring countries, with convenient land, water and air transportation, and a trade basis for cantaloupe export. Guangdong Province is the most developed region in the Pearl River Delta, and land, sea and air transportation is more convenient. product sales can be quickly put on domestic and foreign markets. The consumption of domestic demand in Guangdong ranks first in the country, and the opportunity of holding the Canton Fair every year is more conducive to expanding the sales market of products at home and abroad. Hainan Province is a typical tropical area, and its unique climatic conditions can produce and supply the market every year. It plays an important role in making up for the shortage of market products and regulating the off-season of the market. Hainan is also a world-famous tourist resort with a large floating population and large local demand and consumption. through tourism advertising and the dissemination of information, it is helpful to promote the development of Hainan cantaloupe type thick-skinned melon industry.

1.3 advantages of sustainable production development

Guangxi and Guangdong are rich in sugarcane, cassava, mulberry and bananas, and Hainan Island is rich in coconut. The processed waste of these crops can provide organic nutrients and substrate materials for greenhouse cultivation of cantaloupe. The cultivation substrate of Hami melon type in greenhouse prepared with these raw materials can not only effectively overcome the harm of soil root-knot nematode and Fusarium wilt, but also improve yield and quality. it also has the role of environmental protection, safety and promoting the sustainable development of the reuse of agricultural means of production.

1.4 Market advantage

South China has the advantage of climatic conditions, which can be produced early in spring and postponed in autumn to make up for the vacant season of cantaloupe products in domestic and foreign markets, and the sales of cantaloupe products will not be impacted by similar products such as Xinjiang. For example, spring stubble can be planted in January and harvested in May; autumn stubble can be planted in August or September, and harvested in October and December. These two crops can stagger the peak period of cantaloupe listing in Xinjiang and other northwest regions, with good market sales and high sales prices. According to the results of the author's market investigation, during the 4-month period of May May in summer and October in winter, the average wholesale price of thick-skinned melon produced in Guangxi is 5.0yuan per kg and the highest is 8.0yuan, which is more than 2.5yuan per kg in July, September and September in Xinjiang and other northwest regions. Thus it can be seen that the development of cantaloupe type thick-skinned melon production in South China has great market advantages and broad prospects.

1.5 have a good foundation for industrial development

The development of cantaloupe type thick-skinned melon production in South China has a history of more than 10 years, including Sanya, Dongfang, Ledong and Danzhou in Hainan, Foshan, Huizhou, Zhuhai and Zhanjiang in Guangdong. Nanning, Beihai, Baise, Liuzhou, Laibin, Guilin and other large-scale production bases in Guangxi can be planted every year in winter (Hainan Island), spring and autumn. Cantaloupe type muskmelon production has become a bright industry in high-efficiency agriculture in South China. At first, the production of Hami melon type thick-skinned melon in South China was only introduced, tested, demonstrated and popularized, and then the leading varieties suitable for production and cultivation in this region were selected and popularized according to the climatic characteristics of South China. For example, the Institute of Horticulture of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences has selected a series of cantaloupe type thick-skinned melon varieties since 2005. these varieties have strong heat resistance, moisture resistance and disease resistance in Guangxi and South China. the comprehensive characters such as yield, quality, appearance and storability all reach the level of Xinjiang cantaloupe native cultivated varieties.

At the same time of variety selection and breeding, according to the production environment and climate characteristics of South China, the research on the integration and innovation of key technologies of production and cultivation was carried out to explore the best cultivation mode for the production of cantaloupe type muskmelon in South China. At the same time, a large number of professionals and farmer technicians were trained to provide technical and talent guarantee for the development of Hami melon production in South China, and lay a good foundation for industrial development.

2 Technical countermeasures for the production of Hami melon type thick-skinned melon in South China

2.1 Select the varieties for production and cultivation

Hami melon type thick-skinned melon has strict requirements on environmental and climatic conditions, and the plant growth process requires sufficient light, high heat, low air humidity and large temperature difference between day and night, so that the yield and quality can be guaranteed. Due to the difference between ecological environment and climatic conditions, Hami melon varieties directly introduced from Xinjiang and other arid regions of northwest China are cultivated in South China, and there are many problems, such as serious diseases and decline of fruit quality. Therefore, it is particularly important to select the cultivated varieties with heat resistance, moisture tolerance, strong disease resistance, good fruit setting, high yield and high quality, which are suitable for the ecological environment and climatic conditions in South China. Hami melon type thick-skinned melon 'good luck 52',' good luck 8 'and' good luck 11 'bred by Institute of Horticulture, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences have been widely used and popularized in South China and Southwest Yunnan.

2.2 adopt the cultivation mode of full protected field in greenhouse

One of the climatic characteristics of South China is frequent rainy season and heavy precipitation. If Hami melon is planted in the open field, the disease will be serious, and the fruit will die before ripening, so it is difficult to achieve success in production. Therefore, the cultivation of cantaloupe type thick-skinned melon in greenhouse is the guarantee of successful cultivation in South China. The greenhouse with length of 25 ~ 30 m, width of 6.0 ~ 6.5 m, middle height of 3.0 ~ 3.2 m, shoulder height of 1.6 ~ 2.0 m and spacing of more than 1.2 m has the best production effect, and the fruit shape, appearance, yield and quality are the best.

Good luck 52 (Hami melon type)

2.3 substrate cultivation instead of soil cultivation

There are different degrees of continuous cropping obstacles in soil cultivation, such as the occurrence of soil-borne diseases and root-knot nematodes. There are many Rain Water in South China, the air is moist, the soil water content is large, which is easy to cause high fruit moisture, low sugar content and poor quality. Substrate cultivation is an effective way to solve the above problems. Bagasse, cassava dregs, crushed bark, wood bran and coconut bran were used as raw materials for cultivation in South China. Bagasse mud or peat or coal ash or rock soil, 1 kg mature livestock manure, 0.5 kg phosphate fertilizer and 0.5 kg ternary compound fertilizer (mN ∶ mP ∶ mK=15 ∶ 15 ∶ 15) were added to each m ~ 3 raw material. The substrate with this formula has the advantages of robust plant growth, early flowering and fruit setting, straight and uniform fruit, good appearance reticulation structure, good single fruit quality, yield and quality.

2.4 Optimum planting density

When Hami melon type muskmelon is planted in greenhouse in South China with high temperature and humidity in summer and autumn, less light in winter and spring and poor air convection, the planting specification and density are directly related to plant growth, disease degree and the formation of yield and quality. Low planting density, waste of land resources, low yield; high planting density, poor air mobility in the greenhouse, serious disease, small fruit quality, but decreased yield and fruit quality. The density cultivation of Hami melon type muskmelon with plant spacing of 0.5 ~ 0.6 m and row spacing of 0.8 ~ 1.0 m ~ 2 and row spacing of 667 m ~ 2 and 1 000 ~ 1 200 plants shows that the plant population is strong and uniform, the disease is less, the flowering is easy to set fruit, the fruit is straight and uniform, the appearance pattern is good, the quality of single fruit is large, and the yield and quality are improved synchronously.

2.5 adopt reasonable pruning method

The pruning method of single vine was adopted, and the branches were pruned after hanging vines, and the lateral vines bear fruit. One plant left one fruit, and the fruit-setting node was 15-18 nodes. Except for the fruiting lateral vines, the other lateral buds were erased in time when they just germinated. After the fruit set is stable, the terminal bud is removed when the fruiting branch is 50 cm long, and then let it grow. This pruning method has the advantages of good ventilation and light transmittance, high light utilization rate, low plant incidence, easy fruit setting in flowering, correct fruit shape, good appearance coloring and reticulation characters, large single fruit quality, yield per unit area and fruit quality can also be effectively guaranteed.

2.6 selection of advanced drip irrigation technology with integrated water and fertilizer and scientific fertilization to improve quality

Due to the high planting density of Hami melon in greenhouse, the uniform supply of water and fertilizer can make the plant grow uniformly and maximize the population effect. The effects of different water and fertilizer management techniques are different. through the comparison of cultivation and production experiments for many years, the author thinks that the drip irrigation technique of "micro-sprinkler irrigation plus small arch film mulching" is the best. This technology has the advantages of uniform supply of water and fertilizer, wide wet surface, uniform growth of plant population, uniform flowering and fruit setting, correct fruit, uniform size, high fruit commodity rate, high overall yield and remarkable comprehensive benefit.

To plant Hami melon type muskmelon in areas with less light, high air humidity and small temperature difference between day and night, scientific fertilization is very important to improve yield and fruit quality. The fertilization method of paying equal attention to both organic and inorganic fertilizers during the plant growth period is the basis for making the plant grow fast, keeping the leaves green and full, improving disease resistance, preventing senescence and increasing yield; after flowering and fruit setting, gradually increase the amount of fertilizer containing potassium and calcium, promote the formation and accumulation of fruit sugar, and improve fruit quality.