Rapid Garden Formation Technology of New Clonal Tea Plantation

Rapid growth Technology of newly-built Clonal Tea Garden

Generally, it takes 3-4 years to transplant tea seedlings to mature tea plantations for new clonal tea gardens. If planting and management are not good, it will take longer. Due to the lack of harvest of tea for many years before tea mining, some farmers interplant all kinds of crops in young tea gardens in high density, while others go out to work and neglect the management of newly built tea gardens, resulting in slow growth of tea seedlings and still can not be mined in the garden for many years of construction. To study the rapid gardening technology and try to shorten the time from transplanting tea seedlings to garden mining has become the key to mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers in the construction and management of tea gardens, and then improve the efficiency of tea gardens.

In recent years, with the continuous improvement and improvement of the construction technology of clonal tea garden, as well as the continuous innovation and development of clonal tea seedling technology, the rapid formation of new clonal tea garden has gradually changed from ideal to reality. At present, as long as we do a good job of the following "three reforms", the speed of gardening can be shortened by at least one year on the existing basis, that is, the harvest can be seen in 2 ~ 3 years after the clonal tea seedlings are planted.

First, transplanting "small seedlings on the hole plate" to "raising big seedlings in bags".

In the past, the construction of clonal tea garden mainly used "transplanting seedlings" with roots and less soil, which turned green slowly and the survival rate was low after transplanting. In recent years, it has been changed to "small seedlings" (figure 1). Cuttings are raised in spring and come out of the nursery in autumn of that year. Because tea seedlings can be transplanted with the whole root of matrix, the survival rate is obviously improved. However, due to the short seedling age, small tea seedlings and weak disaster resistance, there are still different degrees of seedling death after planting. At the same time, after scattered planting of tea seedlings, the management of topdressing is difficult, the growth speed is slow, and it is not convenient to set and prune, which leads to many farmers not setting and pruning in time, which affects the shaping of tea tree type and the formation of canopy surface in the later stage. If we use a special nursery bag to cultivate "big seedlings" (figure 2), then these problems can be easily solved.

There are several ways to cultivate seedlings in bags. at present, the most safe and feasible way is for tea farmers to prepare nutrient soil, fake small seedlings in the nursery bag, and then centrally manage and cultivate them in the seedbed for one year, so that they can grow into big seedlings and then transplant to the newly-built tea garden. There are many advantages of this method: first, farmers cultivate themselves, which can reduce costs; second, cultivating tea seedlings for one year will help tea seedlings adapt to the local climatic environment and enhance their resistance to adversity, and at the same time, it can also solve the problems such as the difficulty of transporting large seedlings. Third, concentrated cultivation in the seedling bed is conducive to strengthening the management of topdressing, weeding, pest control and disease control, and can prevent various disasters through covering, shading and other measures, so as to create a growth environment far better than that in the field and promote the rapid growth of tea seedlings. Fourth, centralized shaping and pruning in the seedling bed is fast and convenient, which is conducive to shaping reasonable tree types. Fifth, the large seedlings cultivated in bags have developed roots, more soil and strong adaptability, and there is no damage to the roots of continuous bag transplanting, so it can greatly improve the survival rate of transplanting tea seedlings, basically realize the transplanting of whole seedlings, and accelerate the growth rate of tea seedlings obviously after transplanting.

Second, no fertilization in the early stage should be changed into deep application of base fertilizer and a small amount of topdressing for many times.

In the past, in the construction of clonal tea gardens, one was limited by funds, and the other was afraid that fertilization would damage the young roots of tea seedlings, so they mostly adopted the method of "white seeds under the ground". They did not apply bottom fertilizer or topdressing in the early stage, which led to the slow growth of tea seedlings due to lack of nutrients.

In order to accelerate the growth rate of tea seedlings and realize early gardening and early mining, fertilizer must be applied in the early stage. First, it is necessary to apply deep base fertilizer. If the tea garden is trenched, the bottom fertilizer can be deeply applied combined with backfilling and stratification; if it is too late, the bottom fertilizer can be deeply applied in the middle of the tea line, and then the fertilizer will be embedded in the ridge, and the tea seedlings can be transplanted on both sides of the ridge. Generally, more than 3000 kg of long-acting organic fertilizer and 75 kg of special fertilizer for tea were applied per 666.7 m2, and the soil and fertilizer were mixed evenly. As long as the proper distance between fertilizer and the root system of tea seedlings, it will not hurt tea seedlings, but can promote the rapid growth of tea seedlings in the early stage, and lay a good foundation for high yield in the later stage of tea garden. Second, it is necessary to apply fertilizer in time. In the past, when small seedlings were used, the roots of tea seedlings were weak when they were just transplanted, so they really could not be fertilized. However, after transplanting, we should take the method of "a small number of times, eat less and eat more" to top fertilizer, and gradually increase the concentration and dosage of fertilizer according to the growth of tea seedlings. After using bags to raise big seedlings, we should pay more attention to topdressing in time. Foliar fertilizer spraying can be adopted in the early stage, or rarefied dung water, biogas liquid and urea solution can be applied in combination with watering and drought resistance, and urea can be applied in shallow ditches on both sides of the tea line in the later stage. As long as the dosage is appropriate and the distance is appropriate, it will not damage the tea seedlings.

Third, change open field cultivation to plastic film mulching cultivation.

In the past, transplanting tea seedlings was generally cultivated in the open field, not covered with plastic film. The advantage of this method is that it is simple and labor-saving, but there are many problems: first, most of the clonal tea gardens are built in the two high mountain areas with low annual effective accumulated temperature (800 to 1 200 m above sea level), the temperature rises slowly in early spring, the temperature drops early in autumn, and there is no plastic film. the growth time of tea seedlings is limited every year, which affects the speed of garden formation. Second, open-field cultivation is not only afraid of drought, but also afraid of rain, but also afraid of freezing damage, the continuous high temperature and drought will make the tea seedlings suffer serious drought, the continuous overcast and rainy weather will make the soil moisture too high, and the rainstorm will make the soil harden. it is easy to freeze tea seedlings in case of low temperature, which is disadvantageous to the survival and growth of tea seedlings. Third, uncovered tea seedlings, it is easy to breed weeds near the roots, if not weeding will affect the growth of tea seedlings, if weeding, easy to affect or even damage tea seedlings, affecting the survival of tea seedlings [Jishan Huayao].

Covering with plastic film when transplanting tea seedlings can better solve the above problems. First, plastic film mulching can increase temperature and heat preservation, early spring and late autumn can effectively increase soil temperature, promote the root development of tea seedlings, prolong the growth time of tea seedlings, and significantly increase the annual growth of tea seedlings; second, plastic film mulching can increase the ability of drought tolerance, cold tolerance and stress resistance of tea seedlings. Plastic film can play the role of preserving soil moisture and reducing soil water evaporation and loss in continuous drought; plastic film can increase temperature and heat preservation at low temperature and reduce the freezing injury of tea seedlings. In case of continuous rain or rainstorm, plastic film can play a shielding role, keep the soil moisture in the film suitable, loose and breathable, in short, plastic film mulching can keep the soil temperature and humidity in a suitable state as far as possible, and promote the rapid growth of tea seedlings; third, plastic film mulching can inhibit the growth of weeds near the roots of tea seedlings and create good conditions for the growth of tea seedlings.

Tea seedlings can be covered with plastic film in a variety of ways. In the past, when transplanting small seedlings, you can either cover them first or plant them first. If big seedlings are raised by transplanting bags, they can only be covered first and then planted because of the large amount of stems and leaves on the ground. It is best to take advantage of the suitable soil moisture to cover the film in advance, and then use a mechanical punch to drill holes in the film surface to plant seedlings, which not only has high speed and high efficiency, but also ensures the transplanting quality and improves the survival rate of tea seedlings.