Key points of grape cultivation techniques in three sheds and one film facility in Turpan

Key points of grape cultivation techniques in three sheds and one film facility in Turpan

The climate of Turpan is characterized by a rapid rise in temperature in spring, an early and long time in summer, and a slow cooling in autumn. Accordingly, facility grape production is mainly to promote early cultivation. Through the experiment and demonstration of protected fruit tree cultivation for 3 years, the author summed up the technique of three sheds and one film for early cultivation of protected grape. The brief introduction is as follows.

The greenhouse guides dormancy. The temperature condition before entering dormancy is very important. It is necessary to start the greenhouse cooling 10-15 days before dormancy and enter the guided dormancy period. The climate of Turpan from October to November is hot in the day and cool at night. Guided dormancy began on October 20, covering quilts to keep grapes out of sight during the day, and opening quilts and vents at night to let cold air into the shed. Cover quilt on the first day, cover on the first day, cover on the second day, cover all on the third day. When the temperature in the shed dropped to 0: 7.2 ℃, the quilt began to dormancy day and night.

Practice shows that grape dormancy can be completed by dormancy agent when the dormancy time of grape is 40% of its normal dormancy time. Therefore, it is not necessary to complete 8 to 1500 hours of dormancy. One of the key techniques to promote early cultivation of grape is to use three-shed and one-film technology to heat up and monocyandiamide to break dormancy and sprout early. The greenhouse warmed up from November 25 to December 10, when the quilt was opened gradually, 1 / 3 on the first day, 2 / 3 on the second day, all the quilts on the 3rd day, and the quilt cover began on the 4th day. Turpan is relatively warm in December, with the coldest from the end of December to the end of January, and the temperature began to rise in early February. The lower temperature of grape sprouting period has a great effect on grape germination, and the temperature of germination and shoot growth can be ensured by using three-shed and one-film technology. Three sheds, that is, a middle shed and a small shed are set in the greenhouse; the middle shed is made of polyvinyl chloride film which is slightly thinner than the greenhouse film. In the middle shed, pull down the grape vines and spread them in the ditch, buckle up the shed. A film is covered with a film underground to raise the ground temperature.

The heat preservation effect of three sheds and one film is good. Measured on January 10, 2014, the temperature outside the greenhouse is-12 ℃, the temperature inside the outer greenhouse is 9. 7 ℃, the temperature in the middle greenhouse is 16. 3 ℃, which is 6. 6 ℃ higher than that in the single-layer greenhouse. 6 ℃, the temperature in the small shed is 21. 5 ℃, 10. 8 ℃ higher than that in the single-layer greenhouse, 15. 6 ℃ in the interior of the shed and-8 ℃ in the greenhouse.

The effect of monocyanamide breaking grape dormancy is good, and the concentration is 15% ~ 20% according to the tree potential. Smear when it starts to heat up. During the heating period, special attention should be paid to heat preservation and warming measures. ① plus cold barrier. ② improves the anti-wind and cold equipment of ear chambers and doorways. ③ increases the cold-proof effect of the rear roof. ④ enhances the cold-proof effect of thermal insulation quilt. ⑤ clogs the vent hole in the side wall. ⑥ changes the greenhouse film to enhance the light transmission. ⑦ mulch film to prevent moisture and increase the ground temperature. ⑧ science determines the roll and release time of the cold-proof quilt. ⑨ promotes the use of heating fertilizers.