Transplanting technique of Chenggong Baozhu Pear

Transplanting technique of Chenggong Baozhu Pear

Chenggongbao pearl pear has been cultivated for more than 900 years. It is said that the eminent monk Baozhu monk Laizhuo (now Kunming) of the Song Dynasty gave a lecture and brought ears of snow pear from Dali, grafted with local fine pear trees in Chenggong County and carefully cultivated. Chenggong fruit growers call it Baozhu pear in memory of the Baozhu monk. Chenggong County Chronicles recorded that it was a tribute in Yuan Dynasty, and Min-Guang Litchi and Wu Yue Waxberry were well-known in Huaxia, known as Jade Girl, Xinglang and Pear King. The poem praises "the jade girl in Minxiang contains ice and snow, Wu Xinglang sets up fire clouds, and Yunnan has the king of pears." The emperor named the origin of Baozhu pear "Chenggong", hence the name Chenggong County. Baozhu pear inherits the historical connotation and cultural heritage of Chenggong and becomes the local characteristic fruit of Chenggong district. As the construction of Chenggong New area has been promoted in recent years, the land has been continuously requisitioned and the planting area has been shrinking. In order to protect this local characteristic fruit, selecting land and transplanting is an important way to continue this local specialty. In order to ensure the smooth implementation of transplanting work, to protect Chenggongbaozhu pear, the following transplanting technical regulations have been formulated.

1 choose the transplanting site

The hilly gentle slope with good ventilation, sunny and light transmittance between 1 950 and 2 200 meters above sea level requires a red soil block with deep soil layer and rich organic matter, with a soil pH value of 5.5 to 6.5.

2 transplanting time

Transplant after falling leaves in autumn to before sprouting in spring. In Chenggong, it is usually from mid-November to early February of the following year. During this period, there is a peak of root growth of fruit trees, at this time, the nutrients of the trees have been returned, which is conducive to the healing of broken roots, but also can send out some new roots, improve the survival rate of transplanting, and lay the foundation for the tree momentum to flourish in the coming year.

3 preparation before digging

3.1 cultivate and promote new roots before digging

Most of the backbone roots of adult Baozhu pear have poor absorptive capacity. in order to proliferate new roots and improve the survival rate of transplanting, the root trench with a width of 30cm, 35cm wide and 70cm deep and inclined inward can be dug at the distance of 60cm to 70cm from the root neck in the spring of the first year of transplanting (figure 1), and then rotten farm manure is applied to promote the growth of new roots.

Fig. 1 digging root trench

3.2 determination of transplanting pond planning

15-20 days before transplanting, the planting point was determined according to the row spacing of 5 meters × 6 meters and the row direction consistent with the perennial wind direction, and then the planting ponds were dug according to the requirements of 1 meter deep and 1.5 meters wide (figure 2). The excavated topsoil and subsoil are stacked separately, and each pond is mixed with 50,100kg of rotten farm manure, 3kg of potassium sulfate, 5kg of calcium, 300g of borax and topsoil, and then backfilled with 20cm of topsoil to ensure that the transplanting tree is planted in time.

Fig. 2 digging fixed planting ponds

4 digging up the tree body

4.1 dig conical clods around the tree trunk

Pour water once half a month before digging. At 60cm to 70cm around the trunk, dig a circular trench 60cm to 70cm deep. When digging to 60cm deep, dig obliquely inward, cut off the lateral root, and dig into a conical mound with complete root system and 60cm to 70cm diameter.

4.2 Root treatment of soil block

If the root system is encountered in digging the earth, it should be cut off. Those less than 3 cm in diameter are trimmed with branch scissors and those above 3 cm are cut with saws (figure 3). The saw is cut into a smooth surface with a sharper knife, then sterilized with 100 times carbendazim and sprayed all the roots. After treatment, apply evenly with blending paint or Vaseline to seal the wound to reduce root water evaporation.

Fig. 3 Root treatment of soil block

4.3 Earth clot bandaging

After digging out the dirt, wrap it with a straw rope, which should be tied under the main branch of the trunk to avoid damaging the bark. After bandaging, wet the tight grass rope with water, which can not only moisturize, but also prevent the soil from loosening (figure 4).

Fig. 4 bandaging of soil clots

5 tree transportation

Use a crane to lift the dug tree to the transport vehicle to install, lift gently when lifting, do not touch the dirt at the root, let alone damage the tree trunk (figure 5). Put the wrapped trunk on the wooden frame and fasten it with a soft rope, and the crown should be properly wrapped with a soft rope to prevent the big crowns from colliding with each other. At the same time, water conservation treatment and prevention of wind blowing should be carried out during transportation.

Fig. 5 Tree shipping

6 planting

When planting, 100 times carbendazim solution was used to spray and disinfect the soil needed for planting. First backfill 20 cm of sterilized soil, then hang the transplanted tree into the planting pond, cut the grass rope wrapped on the soil block with branch shears, backfill 20 cm of sterilized soil, shake the tree trunk around slightly, and then stabilize the soil. Then backfill 20cm of soil, shake the trunk, firm the soil, and finally backfill 20cm of soil, step on it, and form a tree plate 20cm above the ground with a diameter of 1.5m to facilitate watering and film mulching. Fuyuan yellow pear or Haidong pear was planted as pollination tree according to the ratio of 4 ∶ 1, that is, 4 rows of Gongbao pearl pear and one row of Fuyuan yellow pear or Haidong pear.

7 binding and fixing bracket

After the tree is planted, each tree is tied into a triangular bracket with a diameter of 6cm, 8cm in diameter and 4m in length, with the first main branch as the support point, and fixed with wire to prevent the trunk from shaking and affecting survival. The fixed bracket can not be removed until the root system of the tree is restored.

8 shaping and pruning after transplanting

After transplanting, a lot of roots are injured and the absorption function recovers slowly. in order to ensure the relative balance of water budget between crown and root, the crown must be shaped and pruned, generally retaining 5-6 main branches, and the rest of the main branches should be thinned properly. for cross branches, disease and insect branches are all removed. The middle truncation method can be adopted for the large and middle branches of larger trees, 2 and 3 can be cut off when the flower buds of the backbone branches are large, and 1 beat 3 can be cut off when the flower buds of auxiliary branches are large, and the pruning technique of the combination of long, medium and short cutting is adopted. Retract the large, medium and small auxiliary branches, leave fewer flower buds on the big branches, compress the number of flower buds as far as possible, reduce the fruit, and the yield after planting can not exceed the first one before planting. After pruning, the saw cut on the branches should be smeared with paint or Vaseline in time to reduce water evaporation and resist the invasion of germs.

9 watering and film mulching

After planting, pour water through the tree plate (figure 6), water again every 10 days, sprinkle with dry soil 1 cm thick, and then cover the tree plate with plastic film to reduce water evaporation, increase soil temperature and promote new roots. Remove when the rainy season comes to prevent the soil from getting too moist.

Fig. 6 the tree plate is watered through

10 kinds of post-management and protection

10.1 fertilization

Fertilization is beneficial to the restoration of the tree. In the early stage of tree transplanting, the root system has low ability to absorb fertilizer, so it is appropriate to use extra-root topdressing, which can be sprayed once in half a month. Nitrogen fertilizer can be sprayed with 0.3% 0.5% (mass fraction) urea, 0.1% potassium superphosphate, 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 0.3% ammonium sulfate. Potash fertilizer uses 3% potassium chloride and 0.5% potassium sulfate. After growing new shoots, soil fertilization can be carried out, requiring frequent application of thin fertilizer and careful prevention of root injury.

10.2 wiping buds and controlling tips

The tree itself has sufficient nutrients, and the sprouting ability is enhanced after re-cutting, so it is necessary to wipe buds and control shoots in time to reduce the consumption of nutrients and water [Jishan Huayao].

10.3 Control of diseases and insect pests

After the discovery of diseases and insect pests, timely prevention and control, in order to protect leaves and tree trunks.

10.3.1 physical control manual removal of cocoon shells of diamondback moths, pinch aphids and shell insects, and hang insecticidal lamps to trap and kill adults of many kinds of insect pests.

10.3.2 Biological control protects pest natural enemies, such as predatory beneficial insects (aphid flies, ladybugs, etc.) and parasitic insects (Hymenoptera, cocoon wasps, etc.); raising chickens, ducks and geese in pear orchards to prey on pests; application of biological pesticides to trap and kill pests.

10.3.3 after chemical control and pruning, spray 5 Bomedo stone sulfur mixture, and the residue is used for whitening the trunk and main branches to kill overwintering bacteria and eggs. Spray protection at the initial stage of diseases and insect pests. For example, scab can be treated with 10% (mass fraction) difenoconazole 6000 times, 40% flusilazole 8000 times or 80% mancozeb 800 times. Brown rot and epidemic rot can be controlled with 50% carbendazim 800 times and 50% carbendazide 1000 times. Pear planthopper and aphids can be controlled with 10% imidacloprid 1500 times, 20% acetamiprid 4000 times, 25% thiazine 8000 times, and mites with 1.8% avermectin 1500 times.