Southern Spring Chinese Cabbage Cultivation Program

Cultivation Program of Spring Chinese Cabbage in South China

Spring Chinese cabbage is sown and raised seedlings in early spring or late spring and listed from April to June to overcome the off-season of vegetable supply in late spring and early summer and increase the cultivation stubble of vegetable varieties. The cultivation of spring Chinese cabbage needs special cultivation techniques, mainly to solve the problems of bolting caused by low temperature and long sunshine in early spring and serious diseases and insect pests caused by high temperature in the later stage.

1. Select varieties

Special spring varieties with strong winter, early maturity, heat resistance and disease resistance, high yield and high quality, such as Yangchun, strong, spring general and Chunxiao, should be selected.

2. Cultivate strong seedlings

The main results are as follows: (1) the sowing date of ① plastic greenhouse is early February, and the seedlings are raised in heating greenhouse. The sowing time of ② planting in small arch shed or direct seeding with film mulching in small arch shed is mid to late February. The sowing period of ③ open-field plastic film mulching or open-field seedling cultivation is from mid-late March to early April, and the warm weather can be advanced appropriately, and it can be sowed late in late spring.

(2) to prepare nutrition bowls (blocks and plates), nutrition bowls, nutrition blocks or hole plates should be used to raise seedlings, and some of them should be pseudo-planted. First prepare nutritious soil, select 60% garden soil, add 25% fine pig manure, 15% dried human manure, and then add 30 kilograms of rotten chicken manure and 1 kilogram of ternary compound fertilizer to each cubic meter of culture soil, fully mix, choose a plastic nutrition bowl with a diameter of 7 to 8 centimeters, first load a bowl with a height of 1 inch 3, slightly compact, support the bottom of the bowl, and then fill it up slightly, compaction, and do not disperse the soil when it is inclined.

(3) when sowing and sowing, 0.5 cm deep hole is inserted in the center of each bowl, 3 × 4 seeds are selected for each hole, and the cover soil is 0.5 cm thick. The covered soil can be sterilized with chlorothalonil or carbendazim.

(4) Seedling stage management after sowing

The bed surface can be sprayed with 50% phoxim EC 1 200 to 1 500 times before seedlings to prevent insect pests. Leave 2 plants per hole in 3 ~ 4 leaf stage and 1 seedling in 5 ~ 6 leaf stage. Pay attention to heat preservation at night, usually the night temperature should not be lower than 10 ℃, in order to prevent the seedlings from bolting prematurely through vernalization. Heat preservation is the main method in the early stage of growth, and ventilation and dampness should be paid attention to in the later stage of growth according to the change of temperature, so as to prevent the seedlings from growing too high. Before transplanting, the seedlings should be ventilated according to the condition of the seedlings.

3. Field planting

The main results are as follows: (1) soil preparation should choose the land where the soil is loose and fertile, sunny, dry and refreshing. Adopt deep trench and high border. Generally, the width of the border is 1 meter, the height of the border is 10 to 15 centimeters, and the width of the furrow is 25 to 30 centimeters, with 2 rows for each border.

(2) applying organic fertilizer 3 000 kg or compound fertilizer 50 kg per mu (1 mu = 667 square meters, the same below) as base fertilizer. With the application of organic fertilizer, a small amount of potassium chloride and calcium superphosphate can also be applied. Combined with soil preparation or according to the determination of plant row spacing to apply basic fertilizer, human and animal dregs can also be used to drain holes, dry in the sun, hoe and then plant.

(3) the colonization period of ①: the colonization period should be determined according to the air temperature of its growing environment and the ground temperature of 5 cm. Only when they pass steadily through 10 ℃ and 12 ℃, respectively, can they be safely colonized. The suitable seedling age is about 25 days, and the suitable physiological seedling age is 4-5 true leaves. The general plant spacing of ② is (35 × 40) cm × 50 cm, and the planting is 3 500 × 4 500 plants per mu.

③ colonization method: when planting, choose no wind in the afternoon, first cover the plastic film in the border, compaction around, according to the plant distance hole colonization, with soil to plant, in order to slow down the seedlings. Water immediately after planting. Live broadcast is also early seedling, early seedling.

4. Cultivation and management

The main results are as follows: (1) for cultivation in heat preservation greenhouse, attention should be paid to the cover of greenhouse film during the day and night, heat preservation in early spring and night, ventilation and humidity when the weather is fine.

(2) the skirt can be removed in the middle and late April, leaving only the parietal membrane.

(3) the application of seedling fertilizer should be carried out as soon as possible, slow seedling and then topdressing, 10 ~ 15kg urea per mu.

(4) after plastic film mulching at the moisturizing seedling stage, there is generally no watering and no ploughing, small water is watered frequently in the heading stage, the soil is dry and wet, and the soil surface is not white and not watered. Furrow irrigation is suitable for watering, and flood irrigation or flood irrigation is not allowed to reduce the occurrence of soft rot.

(5) combined with watering and topdressing pericarp fertilizer in the early stage of rosette combined with watering and re-applying pericarp fertilizer, 30 kg of diammonium phosphate, 20 kg of urea and 10 kg of sulfuric acid were applied per mu, and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer could be used for 2 times. There is no need to apply fertilizer in the middle and later stage of pilling.

(6) grasping the principle of watering and topdressing spring Chinese cabbage should pay attention to strengthening drainage, combining fertilization and disease prevention after rain, not squatting seedlings, but attacking with fertilizer and water to promote vegetative growth and inhibit plant bolting to the end, so that the growth rate of rosette leaves and leaf bulbs exceeds that of flower bolts. grow into compact leaf balls before the bolts protrude.

5. Harvest

Spring Chinese cabbage is generally mature about 50 days after planting (60 days of direct seeding). At this time, it must be harvested in time to prevent high temperature and rain in the later stage, resulting in cracking, decay or bolting, reducing edible and commercial value. Can be harvested in batches according to the market situation, appropriate early harvest.

In addition to raising seedlings and transplanting spring Chinese cabbage, direct seeding can also be used. On the basis of applying sufficient base fertilizer, fine soil preparation, flat bed or high bed. Bar sowing, hole sowing or hole sowing can be used. Strip sowing is to open a shallow trench 2cm to 3cm deep according to the row spacing, pour water thoroughly, spread the seeds evenly into the ditch, and then cover them with fine soil. Hole sowing is to dig a hole 2cm deep according to the distance between plants in the row, point water, sow 2cm 3 seeds and then cover fine soil. Hole sowing is to open a shallow trench 4cm long according to the distance between the plants in the row, point the water, and then evenly sow the seeds into the ditch and cover the soil. Covered with plastic film after sowing, 2 true leaves were exposed, and the film was broken in time to expose seedlings. Break the film should make a small hole, in order to be able to pull out the seedling, the break of the film should be pressed firmly with soil. The seedlings were planted between 2 and 5 true leaves respectively. Other management with seedling transplanting.