Effects of different cuttings length on the quality of grape self-rooted seedlings

Effects of different cuttings length on the quality of grape self-rooted seedlings

At present, the methods of grape cutting in different regions of China are more or less the same, but due to the blind pursuit of seedling output and ignoring the quality of seedlings, the quality of seedlings is uneven, which seriously affects the early yield and fruit quality of grapes. With the development of science and technology, grape cultivation has gradually expanded to unsuitable areas such as arid and semi-arid in the northwest and high temperature and humidity in the south. Because the quality of seedlings will affect the resistance, growth and yield of grapevines, people pay more and more attention to the quality of seedlings. Previous studies have shown that grape cutting quality and different cutting density have effects on seedling quality. therefore, the author studied the effects of different cutting length on grape seedling growth and quality, in order to provide reference for the production of high quality grape seedlings.

1 materials and methods

1.1 tested materials and treatment

The annual dormant branches of three grape varieties, Christmas rose, giant rose and summer black, were pruned in the winter of 2015. The annual grape branches with full maturity, stout, full bud eyes, uniform Internode length, 0.6-1.0 cm in thickness and free from diseases and insect pests were selected from the grape experimental garden of Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and cut off the branches into short branches with a length of about 60.0 cm. Tie 50 roots into a bundle, mark them and store them in sand.

The experiment was carried out in the grape experimental orchard of Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences in the spring of 2016. The dormant branches of three varieties were removed from the sand pit, rinsed with clean water, soaked in water for 12 hours, fully absorbed water, reached the cut section was bright green, removed and drained.

1.2 Test method

In the experiment, the length of grape cuttings was divided into three treatments: 2 buds (T1), 3 buds (T2) and 4 buds (T3) (figure 1). The upper end of the cuttings was 1.0-1.5 cm away from the buds, cut flat and oblique at the lower end, and quickly dipped in rooting powder (developed by Zhengzhou Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences) for 5 seconds. The angle between the cuttings and the ground was 45 °. The ridge width was 60.0 cm and the furrow width was 40.0 cm. Two rows of cuttings on the ridge (figure 2) were watered thoroughly, the base of the cuttings was covered with soil, 1 main branch was retained after germination, and 2 leaves were left on the secondary shoots to manage diseases and insect pests routinely.

300 roots in one community, repeated three times. The survival rate and mortality rate were investigated timely after germination, and the thickness of the 4th and 5th buds above the root neck was investigated when coming out of the nursery in autumn.

Fig. 1 three processing inserts

Fig. 2 Cuttage ridge

2 results and analysis

2.1 effect of different cuttings length on the survival rate of grape

The results showed that the survival rate of Christmas rose T1 was the highest, 95% (Table 1) [Jishan Huayao], and the survival rate of T2 was 93.33%. The survival rate of T3 was 70.00%, which was significantly lower than that of T1 and T2, showing a trend that the longer the cuttings were, the lower the survival rate was. The survival rate of giant rose seedlings was more than 80.005%, and the survival rate of T1 and T3 treatment was the highest, which was 95.00%. The survival rate of T2 was 86.67%, which was 8.33 percentage points lower than that of the former two. The survival rate of seedlings in the three treatments was less than 80.005%, and the survival rate of T1 was the lowest in all treatments, which was 73.33%, the survival rate of T2 and T3 was the same, which was 76.67%.

Table 1 effects of different cuttings length on the quality of grape self-rooted seedlings

Note: the thickness of seedlings refers to the thickness of the trunk between the 4th and 5th buds on the root neck, more than 0.8 cm is the first grade, 0.6 cm is the second grade, 0.4 cm is the third grade, and less than 0.4 is the external grade.

2.2 effects of different cuttings length on the quality of grape self-rooted seedlings

For Christmas roses, the proportion of secondary seedlings in T1 treatment was the largest (Table 1), primary and secondary seedlings accounted for 10.53% and 50.88% respectively, tertiary seedlings accounted for 36.84%, and there were few extra-grade seedlings. T2 treatment had no first-class seedlings, secondary and tertiary seedlings accounted for 42.11% and 56.14 respectively, and the proportion of them was larger, while that of third-grade seedlings was very few. The ratio of primary and external seedlings treated with T3 was very small, with 34.09% of secondary seedlings and 50.00% of third-grade seedlings. Statistics show that for Christmas rose grape, the self-rooted seedling quality is the best when the cuttage length retains 2 buds (T1).

Giant rose, in T1 treatment, the ratio of primary seedlings was only 3.57%, secondary seedlings accounted for 23.21%, tertiary seedlings accounted for 58.93%, and external seedlings accounted for 14.29%. In treatment T2, there were no first-grade seedlings, and the vast majority of third-grade seedlings were as high as 80.77%. The secondary and external seedlings were 7.69% and 11.54%, respectively. In T3 treatment, the first-class seedlings accounted for 4.35%, the second-grade seedlings accounted for 30.43%, the third-grade seedlings accounted for 52.17%, and the other grade accounted for 13.04%. The results showed that the growth of giant rose grape seedlings cultivated by hardwood cuttings was relatively weak, and the proportion of third-grade seedlings in the three treatments was relatively high, of which T2 treatment was as high as 80.77%, and the seedling quality was relatively poor. Under the condition of high survival rate, the seedling quality of T3 treatment, that is, cuttings with 3 buds, was relatively good.

In summer black, there were no first-class seedlings in T1 treatment, the proportion of second-grade seedlings and other external seedlings was 14.29%, and the proportion of third-grade seedlings was the highest in all treatments, accounting for 71.43%, and the seedling quality was the worst. In T2 treatment, the percentage of primary seedlings was only 1.75%, and the percentages of secondary seedlings and tertiary seedlings were similar, accounting for 45.61% and 47.37%, respectively. The ratio of primary seedlings treated with 7.02% X T3 was 10.87% higher than that of the other two treatments, and the ratios of secondary and tertiary seedlings were 36.96% and 43.48% respectively, both of which were lower than that of T2 treatment, and 8.70% of them were equal to external seedlings. The results showed that the seedling quality of Xiahi cuttings with 3 or 4 buds was relatively good.

3 discussion

Under the external environment and the same cutting technology level, the grape self-root seedlings obtained in different treatments of the three grape varieties reached the first-class standard, the highest was only 10.87%, the lowest was zero, and most of them were second-or third-grade seedlings. Among them, the quality of grape self-rooted seedlings cultivated by Christmas rose with 2 buds in cuttage length was the best, and the survival rate was the highest; the growth potential of hardwood cuttings of giant rose grape was relatively weak, and the proportion of third-grade seedlings in the three treatments was relatively high. under the condition of high survival rate, the seedling quality of cuttings with 3 buds length is relatively good. The seedling quality of Xiahei grape cuttings with 2-bud length accounted for the vast majority of grade 3, and the seedlings with 3-bud or 4-bud cuttings were mostly secondary and third-grade seedlings. The results showed that the heredity of grape plants had a great influence on the quality of asexual propagation seedlings, the length of grape hardwood cuttings was related to the quality of self-rooted seedlings, and there were some differences among different grape varieties. And previous studies have shown that the quality of grape cuttings and different cutting density have effects on the quality of seedlings.

Therefore, the quality of grape cuttage breeding self-rooted seedlings is not only affected by external factors such as environment and cutting techniques such as cutting density, but also related to the internal factors of grape plant itself, such as the heredity of grape itself. the length, thickness and maturity of hardwood cuttings are different, and the cuttings should be raised according to the appropriate cuttings length, thickness, cutting density and so on. In order to achieve the desired results.

Key techniques of raising seedlings by hardwood cutting of grape