Effect of stigma covering Agent on Fruit setting of Apple

Effect of stigma covering Agent on Fruit setting of Apple

Apple flowering and fruit setting consume a lot of storage and nutrition in the tree. It is reported that an apple flower consumes 1 mg of storage nutrition due to respiration in a few days of blooming. if the flower and fruit are not thinned in time, when the fruit grows to the size of an egg, the nutrition consumed will reach more than ten grams to dozens of grams. Moreover, the late fruit thinning had little effect on the flower formation in the coming year, but only had a great effect on the increase of fruit. For the sake of high quality, stable yield and high efficiency, strict flower thinning and fruit thinning is very necessary, which is an important part of apple management.

Although everyone is aware of the importance of thinning flowers and fruits, in practice, very few orchards have been put in place in time. Most orchards have not thinned flowers, even fruit thinning has been dragged to the front of bagging. Why?. The reasons are: (1) Labor is hard to get. At present, young people from rural areas go to work in cities, and most of the rest are old, weak, sick, disabled, and women. these groups are not of high cultural and technical quality, and their physical strength is not strong, that is, such a labor force is not easy to employ, and many orchards can be picked up by car sooner or later. I can't find enough labor. (2) the employment is heavy and the economic burden is heavy. At present, it takes about 10 workers per mu of red Fuji trees to thinning flowers, each with a price of 100,120 yuan, and lunch, totaling about 1,200 yuan. if there is no thinning of flowers and fruit, there are also 12 workers, with a daily wage of 120 yuan, and lunch is also needed, spending a total of 1,200 yuan. This is a heavy burden for fruit growers who are not well-off.

In the 1960s and 1970s, we used chemicals to thinning flowers and fruits, and achieved some results, such as carbaryl, naphthylacetic acid, stone sulfur mixture and so on. However, in the application, it is greatly affected by the weather, tree potential and varieties, and the effect is unstable, sometimes thinning is too heavy, resulting in a decline in yield, so it is not widely promoted in production. In order to solve the problem of flower thinning, according to the characteristic that there is a time difference of 1 to 2 days between the central flower and the edge flower, we make the following design: when the central flower blooms on the same day and the next day, it can generally be fully pollinated and fertilized, and its fruit setting rate is enough for high yield and high yield, so it is not necessary for the edge flower to set fruit. Therefore, on the day the edge flowers bloom, a covering agent is sprayed on the stigma to cover the stigma with a layer of isolation material, so that the germinated pollen can not enter the pollen tube to complete the fertilization process, and then automatically fall off. In this way, each clump has 2 fruits, and there is a choice of fixed fruit.

1 materials and methods

1.1 Test site and test materials

Yang Bin Orchard, North Yangjia Village, Suizhong County, Liaoning Province: Wang Lin, Red Fuji, flourishing fruit tree.

Datai Mountain Fruit Tree Farm, Suizhong County, Liaoning Province: Jonagin, Red Fuji, flourishing fruit tree.

1.2 Test reagents and concentrations

This experimental drug is the Pierreo calcium film produced by Yangling Luli Biological Engineering Co., Ltd., which is provided by Han Anke, chairman of Sandeli Plant Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Fufeng County, Shaanxi Province. Spray evenly when the edge flowers are in bloom. Spray water was used as the control.

1.3 Test time

On April 20-23, 2017, Yang Bin Garden sprayed at 10:00 and Datai Mountain Fruit Tree Farm Garden at 2 pm.

2 results and analysis

Within half a month after spraying, the weather was extremely dry, and a field investigation was conducted on May 15. The results are shown in Table 1.

As can be seen from the data in Table 1, obvious results have been achieved in several varieties tested. First of all, Wang Lin trees in Yang Binyuan investigated a total of 312 fruit bushes, accounting for 95.9% of the total, while Red Fuji trees surveyed 68 fruit bushes with 2 fruits per clump, accounting for 86.8%. A total of 57 fruit bushes were investigated in the control tree, accounting for 47.0% of the total.

Table 1 effect of Pierreo calcium film on fruit setting in fruit bushes

Secondly, in the Datai Mountain fruit tree farm, the Jonagin experimental tree investigated 42 fruit bushes, accounting for 85.7% of the total, while the control trees investigated 54 fruit bushes with 2 fruit per clump, accounting for 57.4%. A total of 19 fruit clumps were investigated by Red Fuji trees, with a total of 68.4% of each clump with 2 fruits, while the control trees surveyed a total of 23 clumps with 2 fruits per clump, accounting for 13.0%, with a great difference.

The comparison of the above figures can clearly show that the covering agent does have a significant flower thinning effect, which can basically meet the needs of labor-saving production.

In addition, similar experiments were carried out in Li Dewen Garden, Shi Qingyuan, Shahe Town, Suizhong County, Liaoning Province, and Hanfu Mountain Experimental area of the Institute of Fruit trees of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences. The results showed that each fruit bush sat 3-5 fruits, and the effect of flower thinning was not obvious. The reason may be related to the high self-flowering seed setting rate of the variety (about 36%). How to solve this problem needs to be determined by further experiments.

3 summary

As a covering agent for apple stigma, Pierreo calcium film has obvious flower thinning effect on several varieties such as Wang Lin, Red Fuji and Jonakin. it is worth noting that we must grasp the spraying time when it is applied, and spray it at the beginning of apple flower blossom. the concentration is 200 times the liquid. In order to improve the effect of flower thinning of the whole tree, it is suggested that the flowers should be sprayed in time on the opening day of edge flowers (second batch of flowers) and axillary flower buds (third batch of flowers).