Technology of imitating Wild planting Dendrobium candidum under Forest in Mengla County

Technology of imitating Wild planting Dendrobium candidum under Forest in Mengla County

1 introduction

Dendrobium candidum has high health care efficacy, is a very valuable traditional Chinese medicine and has a long history, known as "the first of the nine immortal herbs", has a high value of artificial planting and industrial development. However, combined with the current situation of artificial planting and industrial development of Dendrobium candidum, driven by economic interests, artificial planting and characteristic industry development projects of Dendrobium candidum have been carried out in many areas of our country. The planting and development mode of artificial greenhouse is the most common, but this planting mode of Dendrobium candidum changes the growth law of its trees, adopts the method of aboveground planting, and pursues economic benefits to maximize in planting management. the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers to promote its growth or the use of additives in the processing process not only greatly reduced the medicinal quality of planting Dendrobium candidum. There are also some problems, such as pesticide residues and excessive content of heavy metals, which are very disadvantageous to the planting and industrial development of Dendrobium candidum. In this case, according to the current situation of planting Dendrobium candidum in the market, from the aspects of improving its medicinal quality and carrying out organic agricultural cultivation, Mengla County explored a set of techniques suitable for wild planting and management under the forest of Dendrobium candidum in this area. the planted Dendrobium candidum not only meets the agricultural organic planting crop standards, but also its medicinal quality can meet the wild quality standards, and has achieved good results in popularization and application.

2 the natural environment of imitating wild planting under the forest of Dendrobium candidum

Mengla County is located in the southeast of Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, and is also the southernmost area of Yunnan Province. the geographical coordinate is between longitude 101 °05 / 101 °55 'east and latitude 21 °09 / 22 °23' north tropical humid monsoon climate zone with no extreme heat in summer and no severe cold in winter. It has abundant rainfall throughout the year and distinct dry and rainy seasons, and the annual accumulated temperature is more than 7500 ℃. Mengla County is one of the places of origin of Dendrobium, where the climate and environment are very favorable for the growth of Dendrobium. It is an area rich in Dendrobium resources in the whole state and even the whole country, with a total of more than 50 species. There are mainly Dendrobium candidum, Dendrobium candidum, Dendrobium nobile, Dendrobium candidum, Dendrobium cuspidatum, Dendrobium candidum and so on. Dendrobium has been planted artificially in Mengla County since 2000. at present, there are 6 Dendrobium planting cooperatives and a Dendrobium industry association, with a planting area of more than 5000 mu. In addition, the area has good ecosystem development, forestry planting and broad forest coverage, which is the most suitable environmental area for Dendrobium candidum planting and growth, and has a good basis for Dendrobium candidum planting and natural growth. it has created better environmental conditions for the development of Dendrobium candidum under the wild forest in this area.

(3) selection of tree species in the planting of Dendrobium candidum imitating wild forest.

Different from planting in artificial greenhouse, planting Dendrobium candidum under imitating wild forest is based on the natural growth law of Dendrobium candidum, using the original ecological planting development technology, by planting Dendrobium candidum on trees, and according to its growth needs to create a better environment under the forest to ensure that the forest area of Dendrobium candidum will not be cut down, destroyed or destroyed, while ensuring the diversity of biological resources in the forest area. Promote the planting and growth of Dendrobium candidum and achieve the corresponding planting purpose. Thus it can be seen that in the planting of Dendrobium candidum under the wild forest, it is very important to plant trees and the selection of resources and environment in the forest area.

In general, the diameter of the tree planting Dendrobium candidum under the imitating wild forest is about 15~30cm, and the thickness of the bark is about 0.5~1cm. The tree whose bark is too thick or too thin cannot be selected. At the same time, the surface of the tree for planting and application should not be too smooth, and it is best to have cracking. In order to ensure that the planted Dendrobium candidum can achieve better moisturizing and microbial absorption of fungal mycorrhiza. In addition, in the cultivation of Dendrobium candidum under the imitating wild forest, Toona sinensis, longan and chestnut are generally used as the best tree types.

4 planting and transplanting techniques of Dendrobium candidum under imitating wild forest

The main results are as follows: (1) in the seedling planting of Dendrobium candidum, cutting seedlings or tissue culture seedlings are generally used. Among them, the seedling about 5cm is the most suitable for tissue culture. It should be noted that in order to improve the survival rate of seedling planting, seedling refining treatment must be carried out for about half a year before planting. Take cuttage seedlings as an example, for strong cuttage seedlings without seedling refinement, the planting survival rate is only about 10%. However, after seedling management, the planting survival rate can reach about 60%. In addition, in order to solve the problem of survival rate of Dendrobium candidum seedlings, it is necessary to improve the yield and benefit of Dendrobium candidum seedlings in the second year after planting.

In general, the seedlings of Dendrobium candidum are planted from February to March every year. The seedlings are tied to trees, and then the roots of the seedlings are pasted with animal dung blocks such as compressed cow manure or pig manure about the size of 5cm × 10cm × 2cm. The dung blocks are used according to the ratio of leaves, rice straw and cow / pig manure 3 ∶ 2 ∶ 5 after fermentation and mixed compression. To ensure that the pH value is about 7, it is applied in seedling planting to ensure that the necessary nutrients are absorbed in the growth of seedlings. After the seedlings were planted, fermented cow manure water was used for fertilization management for 3 times from January to June of the following year, in which the pH value of fermented cow manure water should be controlled between 7 and 7.5. When choosing animal manure such as cattle and pig as fertilizer for planting Dendrobium candidum, we should avoid using animal manure such as cow / pig manure in the market as far as possible, in order to avoid the adverse effects of a large number of antibiotics and additives on the planting and growth of Dendrobium candidum, and try to choose to raise cattle or use cow / pig manure that is familiar with culture management, so as to ensure that there are no diseased cow / pig manure in the manure. It provides good conditions for organic planting and growth of Dendrobium candidum.

(2) during the period of planting and growth of Dendrobium candidum, we should also pay attention to the timely transplanting management according to its growth situation and environmental changes. Because Dendrobium candidum is planted under the imitation wild forest as an epiphytic or accessory plant, its planting growth is directly related to the growth changes of the attached or side-growing trees, and the bark water and microbial supply of the trees provide corresponding conditions for its growth. however, due to the relatively developed root system of Dendrobium candidum, after the trees or attached branches die, under normal circumstances With the lack of humidity in the root system of Dendrobium candidum, it will begin to wither around January. Therefore, although Dendrobium candidum can still blossom and send out new seedlings in the following year, its nutrient source and dependence are mainly the mother plant. When it was found that the appearance of Dendrobium candidum was withered and yellow, the stem of Dendrobium candidum had become empty shell or died. In view of this situation, once trees or branches die during the planting and growth of Dendrobium candidum, it should be transplanted to living trees or branches by transplanting, and in the period of relatively dry climate, attention should be paid to increasing the air humidity of the growing environment by artificial spraying in order to create an environment conducive to the growth of Dendrobium candidum.

5 Management techniques of Dendrobium candidum planting under imitating wild forest

The planting management of Dendrobium candidum under the imitation wild forest is mainly aimed at the change of humidity conditions in the planting and growth environment of Dendrobium candidum, through artificial humidification to increase its air humidity conditions, in order to promote the growth of Dendrobium candidum. Because wild Dendrobium candidum grows on moist forests or stones, the probability of direct exposure to sunlight is very small, the rate of avoiding light is basically between 70% and 90%, and its growth process is relatively slow because of less photosynthesis. therefore, in the process of planting Dendrobium candidum under the wild forest, combined with its wild environment and growth law, through the appropriate reduction of its light avoidance rate. In order to promote its growth through the action of sunlight, and at the same time improve its disease resistance and prevention ability. It should be noted that in this kind of imitating wild forest planting, the humidity conditions of its growth environment are also relatively high, and generally need to meet the environmental humidity of about 80% between October of the same year and June of the following year, so as to achieve better growth conditions of Dendrobium candidum in the wild. According to this situation, in the cultivation of Dendrobium candidum, by establishing the early warning mechanism of its planting environment humidity condition, combined with its humidity change, the environmental humidity of Dendrobium candidum imitating wild planting forest was increased by artificial spraying to meet the humidity conditions needed for its growth, so as to increase its planting growth rate, achieve higher planting yield demand and improve its planting economic benefits under the condition of improving its wild environment.

6 Control of diseases and insect pests under the imitating wild forest of Dendrobium candidum

In the cultivation of Dendrobium candidum under the wild forest, the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests can be carried out from the aspects of biological control and special disease control, so as to strengthen the prevention and management of diseases and insect pests.

The main results are as follows: (1) the way of biological control of Dendrobium candidum growth pest is to strengthen pest prevention and control by planting olive, longan, cherry and other fruit trees around Dendrobium candidum plantation. In addition, solar energy trapping lights can also be used for pest hunting to reduce the impact on the planting and growth of Dendrobium candidum. It should be noted that when planting fruit trees to attract birds to manage insect pests, avoid blindly introducing exotic tree species, plant native fruit trees as far as possible, and at the same time strengthen bird protection and prohibit bird hunting and killing.

(2) in view of the black spot, leaf rust, soft rot, anthrax, epidemic disease and termite pests which are easy to appear in the imitating wild planting of Dendrobium candidum, attention should be paid to the prevention according to the causes of the disease so as to reduce the threat of corresponding diseases. Among them, black spot, leaf rust, soft rot, anthracnose, blight and other diseases of Dendrobium candidum are most common in artificial greenhouse. In the environment of imitating wild planting, biological control methods are rarely used, and the impact on the planting of Dendrobium candidum is relatively small, but attention should also be paid to strengthening prevention and management from the monitoring of planting environment. In addition, for termite pests, we can clean up the dead trees and branches of Dendrobium candidum in order to remove the living environment of termites, or by crushing the eggshell and sprinkling it in the termite-infested area. sprinkle pepper and tobacco mixed lime around the tree roots to reduce the threat and influence of termite pests. Pangolin can also be introduced into Dendrobium candidum plantation in the way of 300 mu to control termites and insect pests and eliminate the effect on Dendrobium candidum planting and growth.