Cultivation technique of drip Irrigation under plastic Film of Radix Paeoniae Rubra

Cultivation technique of drip Irrigation under plastic Film of Radix Paeoniae Rubra

Radix Paeoniae Rubra is a famous wild and authentic traditional Chinese medicine, which has a long history of application in traditional Chinese medicine, has a wide range of uses, the market demand is relatively rigid, and a considerable amount is used for export. Radix Paeoniae Rubra has a long growth cycle and high investment cost. at present, the area of artificial planting in China is very small, and the market supply depends entirely on wild resources. With the mining of wild Radix Paeoniae Rubra year by year, the amount of resources in the producing area has been seriously insufficient, and the market supply can not be guaranteed. Chicheng County, Hebei Province is located in Yanshan Mountain area in the north of Hebei Province, with rich resources and excellent varieties of wild Radix Paeoniae Rubra, which is a genuine producing area of Radix Paeoniae Rubra. Under the suggestion of authoritative experts and famous pharmaceutical companies, Chicheng County promotes and promotes the artificial planting of Radix Paeoniae Rubra through the demonstration of professional cooperatives for the cultivation of traditional Chinese medicine, covering an area of 500 mu. The development goal is to build ten thousand mu planting base of Radix Paeoniae Rubra and to create characteristic producing areas of Radix Paeoniae Rubra.

1 cultivation techniques

Chicheng County belongs to the mountainous area of northern Hebei. The soil types are mainly cinnamon soil, chestnut soil, brown soil and meadow soil. The elevation of the whole county is between 500m and 1540m, with an average elevation of 945m. Located in the middle latitudes, East Asian continental monsoon climate, mid-temperate arid zone, four distinct seasons, sufficient light, rain and heat at the same time, large temperature difference between day and night. The annual average temperature is 6.5℃, the frost-free period is 90,140d, and the average frost-free period is 128d. The sunshine hours were 2 737.9 hours. The average annual precipitation 417.1mm. Combined with the dry farming technology of drip irrigation under plastic film, the experiment and extension station of medicinal materials in northwest Hebei Province, Chicheng County, Hebei Province, demonstrated and popularized the integrated cultivation technology of water and fertilizer under drip irrigation under plastic film in Xiaoxigou Village, sample Tian Township, with a planting area of 300 mu and achieved good results. It has the advantages of water-saving, fertilizer-saving and labor-saving, and is suitable for large-scale and standardized planting. It is of great significance to protect the ecological environment, increase production, reduce production costs and increase economic benefits.

1.1 Land selection and preparation

Radix Paeoniae Rubra is suitable for planting in loam and sandy loam. Select flat or sloping land with loose soil, deep soil layer, fertile soil and good drainage, turn over 30cm before planting, and at the same time apply fully mature organic fertilizer and appropriate amount of insecticides to remove all stubble and straw, and there are no large clods and dark bumps in the field, so as to prevent the film from breaking during film laying.

1.2 cultivation methods

Advanced planting techniques such as intensive seedling raising and seedling transplanting are adopted to ensure seed utilization rate and seedling survival rate, so as to reduce cost and improve efficiency and benefit.

1.2.1 Seedling breeding in the middle and late August, the mature and full seeds were collected and sown under the condition that the collected seeds were not dried and contained sufficient water. Adopt high border cultivation, border height 15cm about, wide 100~120cm, spacing 35cm. Mechanical sowing or artificial sowing, strip sowing, row spacing 25cm, plant spacing 2.5~3cm, sowing depth 3~5cm, seed amount per mu 40~50kg, slightly suppressed after sowing. In addition to applying organic fertilizer during soil preparation, diamine 15~20kg per mu was applied when sowing. Seedlings began to emerge in May of the second year, and then organic fertilizer or urea was applied once a year from May to June every year. In winter, mixed fertilizer or soil cultivation was carried out on the border surface to ensure safe overwintering. The seedling period is generally 2-3 years, and the mining and planting time is determined according to the growth and root size of the seedlings. The seedlings are generally long 10~12cm and thick 5~8mm. The mining time is from September to October or April to May, and it is necessary to prevent damage to the buds before the new buds grow up.

1.2.2 Seedling transplanting is from mid-April to mid-May in spring and from October to before freezing in autumn. First, dip the seedlings in the solution of rooting powder and fungicide and prepare them for planting. Cultivation method: the integrated cultivation technique of water and fertilizer under drip irrigation under plastic film was adopted, the plastic film was laid mechanically, and the plastic film and drip irrigation belt were laid at once. The plastic film is black or white film with wide 80cm and thick 0.008mm, and the drip irrigation belt is φ 16 maze zone. After covering the film, plant the seedlings artificially, use special tools to dig 12~15cm deep holes in the plastic film, at the same time, put the seedlings vertically, and then compaction. It is appropriate to adopt one model and two rows, row spacing 40cm, plant spacing 30cm, and seedling bud head burying depth 2~3cm. Then seal the mouth of the plastic film with soil to prevent the loss of moisture and the strong wind to uncover the film. After transplanting, the seedlings were watered in time by drip irrigation to prevent the seedlings from dying and ensure the survival rate.

1.3 Field management

1.3.1 fertilization and weeding and topdressing can be carried out from May to July every year by using instant fertilizer combined with drip irrigation through integrated water and fertilizer facilities. According to the growth of weeds, the weeds in ridges and furrows were removed in time.

1.3.2 when the buds appear in the first and second years after bud picking, seed retention and planting, all the buds are removed to facilitate root growth. When the seeds are kept in the third year, some buds can be properly removed to make the seeds full and full, and the seeds can be harvested and raised in time after the seeds are mature in the middle of August.

1.4 Disease and pest control

1.4.1 the main diseases of Paeonia lactiflora are leaf mold, root-knot nematode, root rot and Alternaria. It is caused by fungi and bacteria, and it is easy to happen on rainy days. Leaf mold: leaves, stems, flowers and other parts will be killed, the pathogen mainly with sclerotia shedding with diseased leaves, overwintering in the soil, the initial stage of the disease with 1:1 (2000250) Bordeaux solution sprayed on the plant, or 30% difenoconazole 3000 times, 10% polymycin 1000 times, 60% carbendazim 600x spray control, once every 10 to 14 days, 3 times in a row, to remove the damaged branches and leaves, concentrated burning or deep burial. Root-knot nematode disease: root-knot nematode disease: before or during planting, 1.8% avermectin 500 × 1000 times solution was sprayed with surface soil treatment, or ditch application of 100 mu active ingredient 2kg, or 10% thiazophos granule 1.5kg. Root rot: root rot: at the initial stage of the disease, the roots of diseased plants were irrigated with 50% carbendazim 500x solution, or methyl phosphorus sulfate (70% methyl thiophanate wettable powder) 1000 times solution, or with 75% mancozeb complex 800x solution, or 50% copper succinate (DT fungicide) wettable powder 350x solution, or 3% Guangkuling (carbendazim + metalaxyl) 800x solution spray irrigation, or remove the disease plant medicine to irrigate the disease hole to prevent the spread of the disease. Alternaria: when the disease occurs, the leaves appear black spots and gradually expand, until they die. Spray with 30% difenoconazole 3000 times, once every 7 to 10 days, 3 times in a row.

1.4.2 pests include grubs and aphids. Grub: damage the root, make poisonous soil with phoxim 2kg per mu, combine with soil preparation and poison it, or use 3% kuling (2kg, metalaxyl 2kg) mixed fine sand soil to spread during sowing or planting, and cure root rot. Aphids: damage stems and leaves, spray with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1000 times, or 2.5% bifenthrin EC 3000 times, or 4.5% permethrin EC 1500 times.

1.5 harvesting

It can be harvested after 4 or 5 years of planting. When harvesting, it is best to use special root harvesting machinery, which can greatly reduce the production cost. The harvest time is in spring and autumn, from April to May in spring and from September to October in autumn, and it is generally better to harvest in autumn, when the pulp is full, the nutrient content is high and the weight is sufficient. After digging out the root, remove the rhizome and whisker root, wash the soil and dry. Dry until semi-dry, tied into small bundles to avoid bending after drying, need to turn frequently in the sun, sun to foot dry storage or sales.

2 Analysis of planting cost and benefit

Take the large-scale planting in the 4-year growing period of seedling transplanting as an example: the cost of standardized planting of Radix Paeoniae Rubra is 7000 yuan per mu. Including: land rental fee of 2,000 yuan per mu for 4 years (500 yuan per mu per year), labor and machinery costs totaling 2,100 yuan, fertilizers and pesticides 500 yuan, seedlings 2,400 yuan (4,000 plants per mu, 0.6 yuan per plant). Produce 500kg dry goods per mu, the market price is not less than 30 yuan / kg, and the income per mu is 15000 yuan. In addition, the annual harvest of seeds per mu during the third and fourth years of the growing period was about 25kg per mu, calculated at 160yuan / kg, the total seed harvest was 8000yuan. The total income is 23000 yuan per mu. Excluding the cost of 7000 yuan per mu, the profit per mu is 16,000 yuan, with an average annual profit of 4,000 yuan per mu. The benefits are considerable.