How to improve the planting benefit of Tripterygium?

How to improve the planting benefit of Tripterygium?

Tripterygium is a perennial deciduous shrub of Rosaceae. It is used in medicine with dried fruit. The medicinal material is named "wrinkled papaya". It has the effect of relieving meridians and activating collaterals and dampness of stomach. Tripterygium is adaptable, light-loving, semi-overcast, cold-resistant and drought-tolerant, mainly distributed in Anhui, Hubei, Shandong and other places, among which Changyang County, Hubei Province is the main producing area of the authentic medicinal material "Zili wrinkled skin papaya". Begonia affixed to the stem is usually 2-5 tufted, with dense backbone branches, poor ventilation and poor light transmission; the inner bore fruit-bearing branches are mostly sheltered, the flowers are poor and malnourished, the flower and fruit drop is serious, and the fruit-bearing phenomenon of large and small years is prominent (no harvest in three years). Under the guidance of technicians, the farmers in the main producing area of Langping wrinkled papaya in Changyang County summed up the pruning and shaping methods of single plant planting, single trunk setting and crown stratification, which are suitable for shrub pedicel begonia through long-term cultivation practice. this method has the advantages of high and stable yield, and is simple and easy to learn, which not only increases the economic benefit, but also improves the ornamental value.

1 Technical key points

1.1 fixed drying

After the planting survived, remove the small weak branches, erase the clustered buds, cultivate a strong, upright trunk or central main branch; at the same time, pile or insert a pole next to the seedling to fix the trunk or central main branch to ensure that the trunk grows vertically.

1.2 promoting lateral branches

Timely topping and coring of the central main branch, promoting its thickening and germination, and cultivating lateral branches at all levels. According to its growth status (including growth site and extension direction), 2-4 lateral branches were evenly selected in each layer in all directions, and the spacing of each layer was 40~50cm (enough 60cm was left in the trunk). After 4 ~ 6 years of cultivation, it was capped when it reached 4 layers.

1.3 pruning and shaping

1.3.1 the upward growing branches without adjusting the horizontal extension direction are pressed down to help them grow horizontally and fix them. Generally, the cement block of appropriate weight (artificial pouring) is tied to the middle and back of the branch with a rope.

1.3.2 pull branch and twist branch to the branch that needs to adjust the horizontal extension direction, pile in the field to pull the branch oblique downward, if necessary, it is necessary to break (soft) the base of the branch or other suitable part before pulling the branch, in order to achieve the corresponding effect; in addition, twist branch support should be applied to the branches (including the central main branch) that are overgrown and do not correspond to the extension direction.

1.3.3 while cultivating the backbone tree shape, the culture fruit branches (branch group) were cultivated by means of truncation, coring, bud wiping and shoot control, with special attention to the cultivation of fruit branches transformed from spiny branches to help them bear fruit early and bore fruit.

1.4 points for consideration

After being dried, many tillering seedlings will sprout from the root neck and main root, which should be eradicated as soon as possible. When twisting branches and other methods are used to help the central main branch and other backbone branches, do not break the branches. Other management methods refer to Rosaceae fruit trees (apples, pears) to achieve fine level, in order to ensure its high and stable yield.

2 test and demonstration

2.1 basic situation of the control garden

The sticking begonia plantation managed by traditional pruning technology was used as the control garden. According to statistics, during the five-year production period from 2003 to 2007, the fruit yield of the control garden was equal to that of the demonstration garden, but the output of the control garden decreased significantly in four years from 2007 to 2016, accounting for 60% of the normal year; in the other 6 years, the average yield of single clump (plant) was more than 1~3kg. The cumulative output in the past 10 years is 32.3% less than that of the demonstration garden. 2017 is the year of equal yield, and the yield per mu is only 5.3% lower than that of the previous year and 6.5% less than that of the demonstration garden. At the same time, 10 clusters were selected according to the same method, and the average values were as follows: 2.8roots per cluster, trunk diameter 4.05cm, crown diameter 271cm, all levels of main branches 8.9, fruit branches (branch group) 31.2 (group), converted to fruit branches (branch group) per square meter of ground.

72.12 roots (group).

2.2 basic information of the demonstration park

2.1 mu of Begonia, which is similar to the control garden in tree age and soil fertility, was selected as the demonstration garden. 410 papaya trees were planted in 2.1 mu demonstration field, and the cultivation management was carried out by the method of single plant planting and single dry setting, and the other management was the same as that of the control garden. It was planted from the end of 2000 to the spring of 2001 and began to hang fruit in 2003. the yield was 32kg/ mu in that year and 340kg/ mu in 2004. In 2003-2007, the yield increased at an annual rate of 1-3 times, reaching 4 050kg/ mu in 2007, and then at a rate of 10%-30% per year, reaching a peak of 6 500kg/ mu in 2016. the highest yield per plant was 26kg, with an average of 15kg. The total yield and plant yield in 2017 were basically the same as the previous year. Ten consecutive plants were randomly selected for evaluation on August 10, 2017. the average values were as follows: trunk diameter 6.08cm, crown diameter 195.2cm, height 205cm, branch level 3.8layer, main branch 11.3, main branch bearing fruit branch (branch group) 32.1 (group), equivalent to 122.96 fruit branch (branch group) per square meter of ground [Yoshanhua Yao].

As a result, it can be seen that the backbone branches of single-rod shaped papaya trees increased by 27%, and the fruiting branches (branch group) increased by 70.5%, which laid the foundation for increasing production; at the same time, the plant type was obviously dwarfed, which was convenient for operation and management. more importantly, the increase of fruiting branches (branch groups) greatly increased the probability of alternating fruit, thus effectively overcoming the phenomenon of annual fruit.

3 main advantages

3.1 the crown has good permeability.

The branches are graded, staggered by each other, ventilated and transparent, and the leaves are concentrated and mature in spring. The good permeability meets the needs of light and air during the expansion period of young fruits, ensures the illumination and adequate nutrition of functional leaves, and promotes the healthy development of fruits. As a result, the fruit drop is reduced and the fruit setting rate is increased.

3.2 increase in effective branching

Good flower quality, good bore fruit, three-dimensional fruit, increased fruit setting space, reduced invalid flowers, reduced unnecessary nutrient consumption, not only increased fruit setting rate, but also improved fruit quality. at the same time, due to the increase of fruit bearing branches (nails, branches) in the inner chamber, the probability of alternating fruit in each year increased, which effectively controlled the fruit phenomenon of large and small years, and the fruit yield increased steadily.

3.3 convenient management and convenient fruit picking

The single-shaped papaya tree has good upright and distinct layers, which is convenient for all aspects of cultivation and management, as well as fruit picking.

3.4 good viewing

In early spring, we can see that papaya flowers are evenly distributed, colorful, robust and pleasing to the eye; in midsummer, we can see that the crown is full of fruits both inside and outside, which is gratifying; that is, after the leaves fall in winter, its symmetrical crown and good bark color still have high ornamental value.