Pollution-free cultivation techniques of Guanxi honey pomelo

Pollution-free cultivation techniques of Guanxi honey pomelo

The planting area of Guanxi honey pomelo accounts for 15% of the total fruit planting area in China. Guanxi honey pomelo has the characteristics of large and thin skin, beautiful shape, resistance to storage and rich output value. according to these characteristics, expanding the cultivation of Guanxi honey pomelo can not only improve the economic benefits of Guanxi honey pomelo, but also bring rich income to fruit growers. Over the years, Guanxi honey pomelo growers have accumulated rich experience and gradually mastered scientific planting and cultivation techniques through the practice of pollution-free and high-yield cultivation of Guanxi honey pomelo, and analyzed and summarized these experiences and techniques. finding problems in time and taking effective measures have laid a solid foundation for the development of pollution-free cultivation techniques of Guanxi honey pomelo in the future.

1 the method of scientific garden establishment

1.1 reasonable selection of garden sites

In the selection of garden land, we should take the geographical location, soil conditions and cultivation conditions as the basis, and choose the land with convenient transportation, sufficient water source, good air condition, no pollution, sufficient sunshine, rich in organic matter and pH 6 soil conditions as the garden site. The ecological model of the combination of fruit agriculture and aquaculture can also be adopted to make the soil fertile, ensure the supply of organic fertilizer, save cost and improve the quality and yield of honey pomelo.

1.2 rational planning of garden sites

In addition to the scientific choice of geographical location, it is also necessary to plan the garden scientifically. In accordance with unified planning, high-quality seedlings should be selected, and the roads and storage tanks between fruit trees should be planned. The distance between the seedlings in each row is 40.5 m, and 30 trees / 667m2 are planted. The length, width and height of the planting hole is 1m. Each hole is filled with 20~50kg straw, then filled with soil, straw and lime. After pressing green and returning to the soil for 2 or 3 months, each hole was fully mixed with proper amount of rotten pig manure, rapeseed cake fertilizer, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and soil to make a tree plate for planting seedlings.

2 soil management

2.1 soil improvement

The soil of the garden should be expanded and improved within three years after planting, that is, trenches should be dug out step by step for three consecutive years, and each hole should be filled with appropriate amount of weeds, rapeseed cake fertilizer, lime, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer and topsoil with weeds.

2.2 weeding and turning the soil

Weeding is usually carried out twice a year. After the fruit tree is ripe, turn the soil deeply in the whole orchard every one or two years after the fruit is collected, about 20cm, but it should be noted that the depth closer to the trunk is smaller to prevent the root from being hurt.

3Fertilizer and water management

The seedlings should be fertilized reasonably in the process of cultivation. The main measures are fertilization in young tree stage and fruiting stage [Jishan Huayao].

The main method of fertilization in the young tree stage is to apply water, and do a good job of protecting the treetops, fertilizing 6 to 8 times a year, and applying fertilizer twice a year. Fertilizer is urea, phosphate fertilizer, flushing biogas liquid, etc., digging ring ditch pouring. The fertilizer should be thinner in the first year, and then increase gradually.

During the result period, fertilization should be carried out according to the formula, and the organic matter fertilizer should account for more than half, and the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium should be 1 ∶ 0.5 ∶ 0.9 ∶ 1 ∶ 0.28 respectively.

Fertilize from late January to early February every year, and each plant is fertilized with urea, calcium superphosphate, potassium sulfate, rapeseed cake and other fertilizers. Stable fertilizer began to apply fertilizer in the first and middle of May, adding urea, calcium magnesium phosphorus, magnesium sulfate and other fertilizers. Zhuangfei began to apply fertilizer when the fruit gradually matured and expanded in mid-late June.

4 tree management

4.1 Young tree shaping and pruning

After the seedlings were planted, there were 3-4 main branches growing uniformly in different directions at the 25~35cm, and three different directions were selected as the secondary main branches at every interval of the main branches 30~35cm. The lateral branches were cultivated on the secondary main branches and gradually cultivated into a round or center-shaped tree, which was cultivated into a crown with early fruit, high and stable yield, and should be uniformly released in the growing period of the shoot. The scattered growth buds should be cut off in time, and the long branches that are too long should be truncated and coring. In winter, branches suffering from diseases and insect pests, overlapping branches and useless upright branches should be cut off.

4.2 shaping and pruning of the result tree

The pruning of the fruiting tree should follow the principle of "top heavy, square light, periphery heavy, interior light", so as to create good conditions for ventilation and light transmission of the tree body. In spring, the closely growing branches, tufted branches and leafless fruiting branches should be cut off; in summer, summer shoots, shade branches, pest branches and deciduous branches should be eliminated; in autumn, some autumn shoots should be left; in winter, winter shoot branches should be cut off, such as overlapping branches, straight long branches, protruding branches, ground branches and withered branches.

5. Scientific management of flowers and fruits

5.1 the principle of protecting flowers and fruits

In the management of orchards, it is necessary to focus on the cultivation of flowers. Adding fertilizer before flowering is generally based on quick-acting fertilizer (nitrogen and potassium fertilizer). Fertilizer should also be added after flowering and during the growing period, such as biogas liquid fertilizer with more water. The specific implementation method is to cut off or delete the longer spring shoot to protect the fruit reasonably; to cut the main branch in two or three cycles after flowering, so as not to hurt the xylem as far as possible; in addition, additional fertilizers should be sprayed on the leaf surface and outside the roots before flowering, after flowering and young fruit stage, such as urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, borax mixed aqueous solution and so on.

5.2 bagging the fruit

At present, fruit growers will bag the fruit of the orchard, which can prevent diseases and insect pests, crack fruit, pesticide pollution, sun protection and other functions, so that the fruit coloring is more uniform and improve the yield of the fruit. The time for bagging the fruit is usually in June of each year. Spray the fruit before bagging to prevent diseases and insect pests, and bagging after the liquid is dry. Generally, the bagging work can be completed in two days.

5.3 timely harvest

The timing of fruit collection is critical. When the peel color of the fruit changes from green to yellow, the pulp is plump, the juice is full and the solid-acid ratio is more than 10 points, the yellow fruit is collected and the green fruit is left.

(6) Disease and pest control

The main diseases and insect pests in honey pomelo orchard are canker, yellow spot, citrus red spider, tick tick, leaf miner, orange small fruit fly and so on. The comprehensive control methods are mainly agricultural control, biological control and physical control, supplemented by chemical control. Comprehensive supporting techniques to encourage "four ones" pollution-free cultivation.

6.1 peptic ulcer

Canker is a common disease in the growing period of pomelo. The general prevention and control measures are as follows: in winter, clean up the garden, cut off the diseased branches and leaves, and burn them centrally; in the process of branch growth, prune the diseased branches and leaves, and control pests such as leaf miner moths to reduce sick wounds. In addition, drug prevention and treatment should be carried out. Spraying should be carried out before and after flowering in spring. In summer and autumn, spraying should be carried out when the new shoot is pulled out of three centimeters, during the leaf spreading period and before cutting. Spray should be carried out after typhoon rainy days to prevent viruses and germs from entering the wound.

6.2 Yellow spot

The prevention and treatment of macular disease is basically similar to that of canker, but there is no need for spraying and other links. First of all, in winter and spring, it is necessary to do a good job in cleaning up the garden, cutting off the withered branches, weeds, dense branches, slender branches, disease and insect branches in time, while burning the diseased leaves and fruits in a concentrated way. In addition, it is necessary to disinfect the soil with quicklime, destroy diseases and insects in the process of turning the soil deeply, reduce the probability of virus and bacteria infection, and white the tree trunk and spray protective agent on the tree crown to protect the tree plant.

6.3 orange small fruit fly

Orange small fruit fly, also known as heart-eating insect, does great harm to the fruit. The prevention and control work is mainly manual control and drug control: first of all, the artificial control is in the fruit drop period, and the fallen fruit should be cleaned in time, and the pest fruit on the tree should be removed regularly. The commonly used treatment methods are blistering, scalding, burning and deep burying. The pest fruits are burnt centrally, adding lime, soaking in the dung tank, boiling water scalding treatment and deep burying after drug spraying. Bagging can also be carried out in late June every year, which can effectively avoid the great harm caused by adult oviposition; the second is drug control. For insecticidal treatment of the soil, the surface layer of the soil under the canopy of diseased fruit trees should need to be treated emphatically. In May to August each year, is the peak of adult emergence of orange small fruit fly, when 50% phoxim is sprayed on the orchard ground every 7 hours, two or three times in a row, killing both larvae and feathered adults. And during the peak period of adult occurrence, 90% trichlorfon or dichlorvos was sprayed on the canopy of fruit trees and among weeds around the garden. The plants were sprayed before 10 ∶ 00 in the morning or 4 ∶ 00 in the afternoon and 6 ∶ 00 in the afternoon. Through experiments, researchers have proved that spraying during the period of 4 ∶ 00 pm and 6 ∶ 00 pm is more effective in controlling small fruit flies.

7 conclusion

Scientific and reasonable cultivation techniques of honey pomelo play an important role in the healthy growth of honey pomelo plants. In this study, the pollution-free cultivation techniques of Guanxi honey pomelo were analyzed and studied from the aspects of scientific garden establishment, soil management, management of flowers and fruits, tree management and pest control, which laid a good foundation for promoting pollution-free and high-yield cultivation techniques.