Cultivation Techniques of Dongkui Myrica rubra in Insect Control Net Room in Huangyan District, Taizhou City

Cultivation techniques of Dongkui Waxberry in Huangyan District of Taizhou City

The cultivation technology of Dongkui bayberry insect-proof net room (also known as Luo GE or Luoman) is a new ecological and environmental protection green cultivation technology to isolate red bayberry flies and other pests outside the net by constructing artificial barrier. Using this technology, the fruit ripening process of Dongkui red bayberry can be achieved without pesticides, ensure fruit quality and safety, improve fruit quality and enhance economic benefits. For this reason, in recent years, Huangyan District has actively promoted the construction of Dongkui bayberry single pest control net room, carried out experimental research and popularization and application of single plant insect control net room, and achieved remarkable results. The demonstration and application of this technology is briefly introduced as follows.

1 Development and popularization of cultivation techniques of Dongkui bayberry insect control net room in Huangyan.

The ripening period of Dongkui red bayberry is in the wet and hot season of Meiyu, and the fruit is easy to be damaged by fruit flies. If spraying pesticide is used to control insects in production, the effect is not good, and it seriously affects the quality and safety of bayberry fruit. Under the technical guidance of experts from Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang Agricultural Department and Taizhou Agricultural Bureau, the sterility experiment of Dongkui bayberry flies was carried out in Zhantang Village, Yuanqiao Town in May 2010, and 18 single insect control net rooms were built to prevent the occurrence and damage of bayberry flies. At the same time, the fruit quality and taste of bayberry were relatively good, and the picking time of bayberry was prolonged. In 2011, the fruit tree technical expert team of Huangyan District took the lead in innovating the cultivation technology of Dongkui bayberry insect control net room in China, selected 8 bayberry bases to carry out the experiment and demonstration of this technology, and built more than 600 individual insect control net rooms. In 2012, the demonstration and application of this technology was carried out in the whole region, and more than 10000 individual insect control net rooms were built. The application results showed that the cultivation in the insect-proof net room ensured the high quality and safety of the fruit, and won a good price. The producing area price of the bayberry fruit cultivated in the insect-control net room was more than 30 yuan / kg higher than that of the conventional similar fruit. The popularization and application of this technology has been affirmed by leaders and experts. On June 28, 2012, the on-site meeting of quality and safety technology of red bayberry in Zhejiang Province will be held in Huangyan. The cultivation technology of single plant insect control net room is listed as the main promotion technology of quality and safety production of red bayberry in the whole province. After 2013, Huangyan District further increased the policy support for this technology, and changed the bamboo bracket to galvanized steel pipe, and the bonus for each insect-proof net room was increased to 300 yuan. At the same time, we will continue to promote technological innovation and carry out the experiment of covering film to protect against rain on the basis of cultivation in insect-proof net room in 2014. On June 22, 2016, an on-site observation meeting of red bayberry cultivation for shelter from rain was held in Huangyan. In 2017, the cultivation technology of insect control net room and plastic film mulching for shelter from rain has become the main technology in the production of Dongkui bayberry in Huangyan. The pest control net room cultivation reached 56000 plants in the whole region, and the economic benefit of 667m2 reached 25000 yuan. In addition to the large-scale popularization and application of insect-proof net room in Huangyan, it also radiates to other cities (counties) of Taizhou, district level, Wenzhou, Lishui, Jinhua, Ningbo and other bayberry producing areas in the province, effectively promoting the development of bayberry industry and increasing farmers' income. increase economic and social benefits [Jishan Huayao].

2 the effect of popularizing the cultivation of insect control net

2.1 effectively block the infestation of fruit flies

Dongkui red bayberry uses net room cultivation technology to prevent the invasion of most insect pests and effectively prevent the occurrence and damage of fruit flies. According to the experimental investigation, the relative control effect of net room cultivation on bayberry fruit fly was more than 98%. In the later stage of harvest, the fruit fly rate was less than 6%, while the fruit fly rate in the control area was more than 88%.

2.2 A good ecological environment has been created, and the yield of bayberry is high.

The fruit has better flavor.

The net room cultivation technology of Dongkui red bayberry can regulate the environment, create a good micro-environment for the growth of red bayberry, obviously weaken the rainstorm and strong wind, avoid dust pollution and reduce the shedding of fruit during ripening period. it is beneficial to the full ripening of bayberry fruit, improve the commercial fruit rate, and the fruit surface is clean, moth-free and dirt-free, the meat column is well developed, and the fruit taste is better. According to the investigation, in sunny and hot weather, the highest temperature in the net room is 5 ℃ lower than that in the control area, while maintaining a higher humidity. According to the investigation in the experimental area, after the use of net room cultivation, the adverse effects of high temperature, overcast and rainy days on the fruit growth of red bayberry were reduced, the fruit drop and rotten fruit were reduced, the commercial fruit rate increased from 40% to 92%, and the percentage of high quality fruit increased from 40% to 68%. The fruit drop rate decreased from 23% to 3%, and the yield increased by 20%. And the fruit is bright in color, tender and juicy, with a stronger flavor.

2.3 prolong the harvest time and sell at a high price

Dongkui red bayberry adopts net room cultivation technique, and the fruit ripening period is delayed by 3-5 days, that is to say, the harvest time is prolonged by 5 days. Especially in the alpine area, the net room cultivation technology of Dongkui red bayberry was popularized and applied in a large area, and the harvest period was extended from about July 10 to about July 15, which lengthened the market supply period of Dongkui bayberry fresh fruit, while in the later stage, the number of Dongkui bayberry fruit was small, and the temperature was higher, so the market demand for fresh fruit of bayberry was large, and the price was correspondingly higher, which made it more significant to improve the market competitiveness and economic benefits of bayberry. In July 2017, the price of high-quality fruit Dongkui bayberry cultivated in net room was more than 60 yuan / kg, which was more than 30 yuan / kg higher than that of conventional harvest in the same period. For example, in Yutou Township, a Chen family farm in Gaohaipai area, 900trees of Dongkui red bayberry are cultivated in a net room. From July 2 to July 20, Dongkui red bayberry is in short supply, selling as high as RMB140 / kg and as low as RMB80 / kg.

2.4 reduce pesticide residues and ensure fruit quality and safety

In the traditional cultivation of red bayberry, chemicals need to be put into the production process to control diseases and insect pests such as fruit flies, which seriously affect the quality and safety of bayberry fruit. The application of net room cultivation technology has changed farmers' blind use of pesticides and nutrient solution, realized that pesticides and nutrient solution are not used during fruit ripening, and ensured the quality and safety of fruit. According to the annual provincial, municipal and regional agricultural product quality and safety inspection units to the net room cultivation of Dongkui red bayberry base random sampling products, the test results are all in line with the regulations, reaching the green food standard.

3 the main cultivation techniques of insect control net cultivation

3.1 net room cultivation mode

Adopting the cultivation method of single net room, the orchard with gentle slope and avoiding the strong tuyere should be selected in the construction and production of the net room, the management level is high, the tree is strong, and the fruit yield of Dongkui bayberry tree is generally required to reach more than 30kg. Through the application of shaping and pruning technology, Dongkui bayberry tree has the advantages of crown height below 3.5m, good ventilation and light transmission, and uniform branch distribution. If the bayberry tree with too much fruit must also do a good job of fruit thinning and retain a reasonable amount of fruit.

3.2 preparation for the construction of network room

Preparation of net room construction materials. Steel pipes, bamboo slices, wooden stakes, insect-proof nets, zippers, plastic ropes or cloth strips, agricultural films, etc. The net room facilities had better choose hot-dip galvanized steel pipe, anti-insect net should choose 40-purpose nylon net, and according to the red bayberry crown flood, make different specifications of net net. The net room is built with 8 hot-dip galvanized steel pipes and an anti-insect net on all sides. The roof of the shed is higher than the top of the tree 80cm. Rain-proof agricultural film should choose transparent agricultural film or rain-proof cloth with thickness above 0.11mm.

3.3 time of net mulching and film mulching in net room cultivation

The cultivation time in the net room is generally 40-50 days before bayberry harvest (before the red bayberry fruit fly enters the garden), and the net should not be covered too late, otherwise it is difficult to control the invasion of fruit flies and other pests. Huangyan producing area is in the first and middle of May, and the corresponding specifications of anti-insect net are selected to cover the whole tree. When covering the anti-insect net, there should be some space between the anti-insect net and the branches of red bayberry. If the frame is not spacious enough and the insect-proof net presses the branches of red bayberry, remedial measures should be taken, otherwise there will be fruit rot and insect pests. It is appropriate to use a small bamboo pole to top the insect-proof net to the outside, and the insect-proof net is 20cm away from the branches and leaves of red bayberry. At the same time, it is necessary to carefully check whether the net bottom is compacted and whether the zipper opening and closing place is completely closed to ensure that the whole anti-insect net does not allow pests to enter and leave freely. The covering time is generally 10 days before harvest, the roof is covered with a special plastic film with good light transmittance to protect against rain, and it is removed in time after harvest.

3.4 Network room management

After the net room is covered with anti-insect net, the daily management should be strengthened, and all pesticides and nutrient solutions should be stopped in the orchard until the net is removed after the bayberry harvest. And should often do a good check, whether the net room is intact, ensure that the anti-insect net is sealed, the net foot should be compacted with soil, and the roof pressing line should be taut. Especially pay attention to the damage of the net room after strong wind and rain, if it is easy to open the net net or slant net frame in case of strong wind, it should be repaired and strengthened in time, otherwise all previous efforts will be wasted. It is necessary to clean up the fallen fruit in time, concentrate on deep burial treatment, and reduce the source of insects. When picking bayberry fruit, personnel should close the zipper of insect-proof net in time to prevent the invasion and harm of fruit flies and other pests. After the bayberry harvest is over, remove the net account and clean the storage for use next year. And timely do a good job in the cultivation and management of postharvest fertilization and pruning of bayberry trees to ensure high yield next year.

4 suggestions for the development of insect control net cultivation

Although the insect-proof net cultivation of red bayberry has been popularized and applied in Huangyan in a large area, the effect is remarkable. However, there are also some deficiencies in the implementation of pest control net room cultivation, such as small space of single plant insect control net room, poor ventilation and ventilation effect, excessive humidity in case of continuous overcast and rain during fruit ripening, white rot disease and other diseases in fruit ripening period. resulting in fruit drop and yield loss, the type of rack selected needs to be gradually improved to further improve the ability of wind and rain resistance, and need to provide more scientific and reasonable technical support in cultivation. The specific suggestions are as follows.

4.1 experiment and study on cultivation techniques of Myrica rubra in insect control net room

The cultivation technology of insect-proof net room of red bayberry is not perfect. According to the site conditions and growth requirements of bayberry cultivation, the net room structure of single plant, two plants and multiple plants should be designed scientifically, the facility material and frame type should be selected reasonably, and the indoor ventilation condition should be improved. enhance the ability of the net room to resist wind and rain. At the same time, emphasis should be placed on the research on the techniques of fertilization, pruning, pest control, net-mulching time, temperature and humidity control and film mulching to protect red bayberry from rain, and summarize a set of standard cultivation techniques of bayberry.

4.2 vigorously train and popularize the cultivation techniques of bayberry insect control net room

The cultivation technology of bayberry insect control net room is an innovative technology, and it needs more government policy and financial support. Agricultural technicians at all levels should go to the grass-roots level, vigorously publicize the superior performance of insect control net room cultivation, carry out technical training, and establish a demonstration garden. to promote the demonstration and popularization of cultivation techniques in bayberry insect control net room.

4.3 strengthen the promotion and promotion of the brand of Waxberry in the network room

Popularize the application of insect-proof net room cultivation technology, red bayberry fruit ripening process without pesticides, to ensure fruit quality and safety, and good fruit quality. In order to let consumers eat safe and high quality bayberry fruit, the government should increase investment, strengthen the publicity and promotion of bayberry in the net room, and all localities should organize farmers cultivated in the insect-proof net room of bayberry to set up a cooperative alliance. implement unified operation technology, unified fruit quality, unified packaging marks, create a network room bayberry brand, and increase economic benefits.