Various misunderstandings and Countermeasures in the cultivation and Management of Lizao and Dongzao trees

Various misunderstandings and Countermeasures in the cultivation and Management of Lizao and Dongzao trees

Various misunderstandings and countermeasures in the cultivation and management of pear jujube and winter jujube, if pear jujube and winter jujube want to obtain high yield, stable yield and high quality can not be determined by a single measure. In production practice, the majority of jujube farmers have a lot of misunderstandings in the production of pear jujube and winter jujube. The input-output ratio has been shrinking, even unable to get out. How to make the majority of jujube farmers out of the misunderstanding, analyze and put forward some countermeasures for the majority of jujube farmers for reference from the following aspects.

1 soil and fertilizer management

1.1 serious lack of organic matter in land

Soil organic matter is the only standard to measure soil fertility. Many soil organic matter is 0.4%-0.5%. Over the years, the majority of jujube farmers have applied more than two less fertilizer, that is, more nitrogen fertilizer, more phosphate fertilizer, less potash fertilizer and less organic fertilizer, resulting in soil consolidation, poor permeability and reduction of microorganisms. tree weakness, yellowing, low jujube, low yield, poor quality and other bad phenomena are more and more serious.

Countermeasures: increase the application of organic fertilizer, such as chicken, sheep, pig manure, trace elements and microbial fertilizer compound fertilizer, humic acid compound fertilizer and so on. Increase soil organic matter and air permeability. The tube tree first manages the root, the tube root is the root, the ground is thin, the tree is weak, the ground is strong, the tree is prosperous, and the root dies, the tree dies.

1.2 non-composting system on the ground of raw fertilizer

Organic dung, such as chicken, sheep, pig, cow, horse, donkey and mule manure, goes to the ground directly without high temperature retting, resulting in burning roots and dead trees.

Countermeasures: organic fertilizer, such as chicken, sheep, pig, cow manure must be mature before use, so that jujube tree exuberant growth.

Many jujube farmers think that the more fertilizer is applied, the better, and that high yield can be achieved without asking people. Applying inorganic compound fertilizer or single nitrogen fertilizer 300~400kg per mu of land is contrary to one's wishes, but reduces the yield. Fertilizers are irreplaceable to each other.

Countermeasures: we should carry out soil testing formula fertilization, what is missing, calculate the amount of fertilizer according to the yield, and balance the formula fertilization, so as to overcome blindness and achieve twice the result with half the effort.

1.4 fertilization at will, not according to the needs of the tree

When there is money, when to buy and when to apply fertilizer, it violates the law of jujube growth and development and the application of water and fertilizer, resulting in large investment and low efficiency.

Countermeasures: according to the need of producing 50kg jujube, pure nitrogen 0.8kg, pure phosphorus 0.45kg and pure potassium 0.65kg should be absorbed from soil. The emphasis of fertilization should be placed on fertilizing after jujube picking, and topdressing should be placed at the top of jujube branches, during the critical period (mid-May and mid-June) and 40 days before harvest. Only in this way can we achieve balanced and rational use of fertilizer and apply fertilizer on time as needed to avoid blindness.

1.5 clear ploughing of jujube orchard, no grass, loss of water and fertilizer, less jujube orchard, soil nutrient loss, fertilizer and water conservation capacity decreased after clear ploughing.

Countermeasures: implement artificial recommendation, natural grass growth and grass mulching, cut down or spray weeds when the grass grows to 40cm high, but do not move hoe to remove roots, three times a year, reduce soil temperature by 4 / 6 ℃ in summer, keep soil temperature 20 / 25 days, keep jujube trees more than 10 / 15 days than clear ploughing, and control jujube tree growth and increase soil temperature by 2 / 4 ℃ in winter. Only in this way, the jujube garden will remain green for many years. Of course, fertilization is not ruled out.

2 Water management

2.1watering aimlessly, the more the better, the higher the cost and the lower the benefit. Jujube trees can meet the normal growth of jujube orchards in Yuncheng, where annual rainfall 500~550mm is concerned. The rainfall time in our city is basically consistent with the law of water demand for jujube growth. Some jujube farmers watered jujube trees for 11 times and at least 3 times for 4 times when the annual rainfall was about 900mm in 2002 and 2003. Using water blindly in this way causes not only a great waste of water resources, but also a waste of funds.

Countermeasures: watering should be combined with the time needed for jujube growth, with emphasis on the period of nutrient storage after jujube picking. If there is a place with watering capacity, one water should be placed before the fall leaves; watering should be placed in the critical period of water and fertilizer after jujube fruit, that is, from May to mid-late June; if drought is placed in the jujube fruit expansion period (July-August), this period is the most concentrated period of annual precipitation in our region, generally not dry, do not water.

2.2 more spring water, less yellow leaves and less fruit

Many jujube farmers do not know that the flowering and growth of jujube comes from the nutrient storage of the tree in the autumn of last year, and mistakenly think that it comes from watering and chasing fertilizer in early spring, so many jujube farmers carry out spring watering, but after watering, the jujube tree yellowed and sprouted late, and the tree grew slowly.

Countermeasures: we should pay attention to autumn watering, increase tree nutrition accumulation, promote tree anti-freezing, early sprouting and early growth. Spring watering is a major factor to promote physiological fruit drop of jujube fruit.

2.3 extremely dry watering, resulting in massive shedding of jujube fruit

No drought, no watering, this is the concept of many people on the management of jujube garden. Watering during extreme drought, because the transpiration of leaves is greater than that of jujube fruit during drought, a lot of water is transferred from jujube fruit to leaf, and extreme drought watering will lead to the fall off of jujube fruit.

Countermeasures: there are signs of severe drought in the weather. According to the weather forecast or weather conditions, the jujube trees can be watered according to the time needed for water, and the water can be poured in the early drought period. For example, if drought and overcast indicate long-term drought in the later period, it should be watered in time after drought and shade, so as to effectively overcome the artificial physiological shedding of jujube fruit. Don't water it for a long period of extreme drought.

Three kinds of management

3.1 the jujube head is beaten too late, which affects the jujube hanging growth and flower bud formation.

Generally, jujube farmers beat the jujube head when the jujube head grows to 6~9cm or even 12~15cm, which not only wastes nutrients, affects jujube hanging growth and flower bud formation, but also leaves latent room for latent liquid buds. It brings trouble to the future management and affects the output.

Countermeasure: when the jujube head reaches 1~2cm, the jujube head should be knocked off in time, which can not only save labor and nutrients, but also promote the growth of jujube hanging.

Blossom, sit more dates, bear good dates.

3.2 there are too many jujubes hanging, and haste makes waste. Many jujube farmers keep 7 jujube shares and 8 jujube hangers.

Countermeasures: should be told that a selective jujube stock leaves 2 to 3 at most 4 jujube hoists to reduce the hanging and increase efficiency. Make full use of nutrients to cultivate commercial jujube.

3.3 No jujube thinning, free growth

The result is that haste makes waste, quantity but high-quality goods are few, waste of manpower, material and financial resources, and there is no benefit.

Countermeasures: in the young jujube stage, jujube varieties should be thinned separately, including 1 8~10cm for Li jujube and 1 4~5cm for Dongzao.

3.4 girdling at florescence is not scientific

Many jujube farmers are not sure about the time of girdling of jujube trees, and some people can not improve the fruit setting by girdling at the early flowering stage or after the full flowering stage, and they think that it is better to girdle 1cm, some people think that 0.5cm is better, and the width of girdling has been seen.

Countermeasures: the correct flower peeling should be carried out on a sunny day in full bloom, and the paper should be pasted at the same time, and the paper should be removed after half a month, and at the same time, 920 + boron fertilizer should be sprayed on the tree in time after peeling, so as to achieve early fruit sitting and good fruit sitting. The girdling width should be determined by the thickness of the stem of the jujube tree, and with the growth of the tree age, the thickness of the main stem should be determined. The 0.5cm of the young tree is right, but the 1cm of the middle-aged tree is right. Jujube 10 years main pole strong, should be girdled 1.5~2cm, timely paper paste, the widest should not exceed 2.5cm, in order to achieve the effect of twice the effort.

3.5 Don't take care of the jujube after picking.

After picking jujube, many jujube farmers do not apply fertilizer, do not water, do not cure diseases, do not control insects, the accumulation of tree nutrients is small, the tree is weak in the second year, and the tree garden has been destroyed for several consecutive years.

Countermeasures: to improve understanding, timely fertilization and watering after jujube picking, disease prevention and pest control. Promote the storage of tree nutrients. It lays a good material foundation for the next year's growth and results.

4 application of pesticide to fruit trees

4.1 it is harmful to use drugs blindly during the flowering period of jujube trees.

The main goal of jujube flowering period is to increase the fruit setting rate, which requires spraying gibberellin (920), boron, 22-25 ℃ weather, and insects for pollination. However, many fruit growers use drugs blindly during the flowering period of jujube trees, causing harm to jujube trees.

Countermeasures: spray buds, flowers and fruits on the tree, the control road pioneer brand "Pen Kang" Cuikang Hua Guoling; flowering to the jujube tree spraying gibberellin (920) 1g plus water 40g 50kg; spray 0.3% borax + 0.5% white sugar or bee official on the tree; release bees to promote pollination to sit dates.

4.2 non-diluted dispensing and mixing of various medicines and fertilizers

When spraying jujube trees, many jujube farmers want to apply medicine at one time to achieve a variety of effects, and mix 7 to 8 kinds of fertilizers at one time, resulting in serious shedding of jujube fruit.

Countermeasures: fungicides, pesticides and acaricides should be diluted into mother liquor and then mixed to have the desired effect. Generally, one kind of disease or one kind of insect should be used as the main treatment for the other one or two, and never mix pesticides and micro-fertilizers. There should be no more than 4 kinds of drugs at a time.

4.3 there is no metering of dispensing concentration.

Many jujube farmers do not use measuring cups or needles for metering, but rely on the bottle cap dose of medicine concentration, the result is too high concentration, either hurt flowers or leaves, resulting in the whole garden jujube fruit fall serious lessons, should be remembered.

Countermeasures: jujube farmers should buy a measuring cup or needle strictly according to the ratio on the medicine bottle, measurement.

4.4 the medicine bottle misplaced the label.

This jujube farmer mixed herbicides, fungicides, pesticides and regulators together for a long time, lost the label, was reluctant to throw away the medicine in the bottle, and blindly abused it when dispensing, resulting in a serious lesson of great losses caused by the mixed use of herbicides and pesticides.

Countermeasures: people are divided into groups, birds of a feather flock together, and should be stored according to category; buy a pencil to put a label on the unlabeled bottle in time, and write down the drug name and use at the same time to prevent drug damage caused by misuse, resulting in undue losses; do not throw drugs that cannot be identified by unlabeled medicine bottles.

5Prevention of diseases and insects

5.1 focus on pest control and light disease prevention

Many jujube farmers see scale insects, green blind bugs harm, anxious, actively control insects but bacteria do not see disease prevention do not care, until the disease disaster, quietly enlightened.

Countermeasures: disease prevention and insect prevention should be carried out at the same time, and prevention and control should be carried out at the same time. It should be comprehensive prevention and control, grasp the law of the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, choose and buy real drugs, and the most important thing is to prevent and cure them in time.

5.2 tightening before disease prevention and pest treatment, not caring about trees after jujube picking

All kinds of diseases and pests have their own occurrence regularity, the early main pest control are: green bugs, jujube gall midge, thrips, generally in late March to mid-May, the late stage is peach heart borer, red spider (mid-May). Diseases include rust, brown spot and anthracnose, which should be controlled throughout the year, regardless of the head and tail.

Countermeasures: targeted prevention and control should be carried out on time, on schedule and according to the law of the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and adhere to comprehensive prevention and control.