Selection of Climatic conditions and planting Management of Sugar Citrus

Selection of Climatic Conditions and Planting Management of Satang Orange

1 Selection of climatic conditions

Satang orange has certain requirements for climatic conditions. General varieties require annual rainfall of 1 200~2 000 mm, annual average temperature of 18~21℃, and absolute low temperature higher than-5 ℃. At the same time, sufficient illumination needs to be fully guaranteed, and land selection and control should be strictly enforced. In order to guarantee the growth benefit of Satang orange, it is necessary to ensure that the content of organic matter is above 1.5%, and at the same time ensure good water retention and drainage performance. Under the groundwater level of 1 m, the thickness of the soil layer and the softness of the soil should be controlled at 5.5~6.5 for the live soil layer above 1 m. The best soil quality is sandy loam, paddy soil and alluvial soil. In addition, it is also necessary to ensure the irrigation water source, conditions and traffic environment during the cultivation of sugar orange.

2 Selection and planting

When selecting seedlings, it is necessary to select varieties with early maturity, pure varieties and no diseases and insect pests as much as possible to ensure the development of root systems, and varieties with ideal compatibility benefits for scion and rootstock [1]. In the planting process, 1) dwarf and dense planting mode should be adopted, the number of plants planted per 667 m2 should be controlled at 130, and the row spacing between each plant should be controlled at 3.0 m×1.65 m. For planting above mountainous conditions, the row spacing can be appropriately increased to 3 m×2 m. The planting time should be selected from February to April. 2) Ensure that the roots of the plant cannot directly contact the organic fertilizer that has not been fully decomposed, avoid the phenomenon of root damage, and prevent the problem of excessive growth of the plant [2]. In order to reduce the influence of transpiration on plants better, it is necessary to treat the leaves of seedlings before planting. For the treatment of roots, it is necessary to trim the main roots first, but still need to retain the roots. At the same time, a small amount of rooting powder should be applied to realize the sustainable growth of roots. 3) Ensure that fibrous roots can be naturally developed and compacted after soil return.

3 Management during cultivation

3.1 Management of seedling stage

In the seedling stage, the roots of some plants will gradually begin to grow 2 weeks after planting. After about 40 days of growth, humic acid water-soluble fertilizer 300 times solution can also be prepared into 0.5% aqueous solution by mixing urea with water, and 2 spoons are applied to each plant. Once or twice every 30 days thereafter.[3] For new root plants that have not fully grown, root water should be sprayed as soon as possible to avoid affecting the plants. With the growth of seedlings, the dosage and concentration of humic acid-containing rooting water-soluble fertilizer can be gradually increased, and a small amount of urea can be added appropriately for spraying. After planting for more than 2 years, the frequency of fertilization needs to be reduced appropriately, but each time fertilization needs to ensure the right amount.

For tree management and pruning, natural heart shape should be given priority to. After planting, it is necessary to cut short the trunk at 40cm position. After germination, about 3 branches with different growth directions should be selected as main branches. The angle between main branches and trunk should be maintained at about 45°. If the trunk degree does not exceed 45°, the angle can be adjusted manually. 3 branches in different directions are selected as auxiliary main branches on the trunk. In order to ensure the directionality of shoot, the method of bud control can be adopted.

3.2 Management of garden maturity

In spring, it is necessary to apply fertilizer to promote flowering. For young trees, it is necessary to apply fertilizer before and after shoots. If there is a drought problem in spring, irrigation can be implemented as soon as possible to ensure sufficient water. For young saplings, two treatment measures can be implemented. For the existence of excessive inflorescences should be combed as soon as possible, and the spring shoots to remove the treatment measures, while for new shoots to do a good job of pest treatment. During the period from early flowering to full flowering, the amount of fertilizer can be increased appropriately. In order to ensure the growth benefit, flowers should continue to be thinned. After the flower drop occurs, the fruit tree will generally grow out gradually, and then it will enter the fruit drop period. According to the actual situation of crown and fruit hanging, ensure the adequacy of water and fertilizer, fertilize the leaf surface in the young fruit period, remove the diseased fruit and abnormal fruit, and still need to keep water when controlling diseases and insect pests.

In summer, potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed to promote aging after the spring shoots turn green slightly, inhibit the germination of summer buds, and avoid the problem of fruit drop caused by excessive competition for nutrients. At the beginning of summer, planting and replanting of new gardens can be done in time, and attention should be paid to the drainage of accumulated water in the gardens. In the process of fruit expansion, potassium fertilizer should be supplemented in time to ensure the fruit expansion and autumn shoot quality. For shoots with more fruit, water supply can be increased appropriately. Do not retain any summer shoots after full fruit, young trees can appropriately increase the use of bud fertilizer, ensure "one shoot three fertilizers", and do a good job of cold and warm.

In autumn, early autumn summer shoots will gradually turn green, then you can pay attention to the implementation of drought treatment in the garden, supplement water and fertilizer, apply corresponding measures to prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and give appropriate protection to new shoots. Big trees can be added organic fertilizer, and do a good job of covering soil and drought prevention treatment. In the middle of autumn, fruit strengthening fertilizer can be applied appropriately. In order to ensure the growth speed of fruit, water intake can be increased appropriately, and the problem of fruit yield decline caused by climate can be avoided. In addition, for some soil can be appropriately deep soil treatment, to ensure the growth rate of sugar orange.

In winter, at the beginning of winter, we can carry out comprehensive reclamation treatment on orchards, expose the roots of Satang oranges, and apply farm manure appropriately, and increase the application amount of water and fertilizer appropriately for more fruits. By means of reasonable control of moisture, the new shoots can be controlled, and the pesticide application should be stopped 30 days before fruit picking, so as to avoid fruit sales problems.

In the middle of winter, productive fruit trees can be picked by stages, green fruit trees should be treated with flourescence promotion, lime slurry should be used to treat trunk and main branches, diseased branches and dead branches should be cut off in time, and centralized burning or deep burial should be carried out. For young trees can do a good job of cold treatment in time, at present, mainly choose to spray alginate foliar fertilizer to enhance the resistance of fruit trees for cold resistance. At the end of winter, we can continue to pick fruits and complete the task of picking fruits as soon as possible to ensure the restoration and accumulation of tree nutrition as soon as possible. At this time, we need to do a good job of fertilizer and water control. For trees with serious drought problems, we should actively deal with them. At the end of winter, clean up the whole garden, especially for fallen branches, to prevent diseases and insect pests from overwintering. For young and old trees, winter fertilizer can be appropriately increased to promote the growth of spring shoots.

4 Pest control techniques

There are many types of diseases and insect pests of Satang orange. The following analysis shows several common types of diseases and insect pests and their control measures.

4.1 scab

This disease mainly affects tender branches and young fruits. After the leaves are damaged, a large number of small spots will appear, and then they will turn waxy yellow. Fruits often develop numerous tubercles after they are affected. For the control of this disease, we can spray 65% fluazuron·dimetril (BASF Baitai) 1 000 times solution or 41% methylthio·tebuconazole (Longdeng Wenda) 1 000 times solution once at 2/3 of spring bud germination and flowering respectively.

4.2 anthracnose

Anthrax occurs mainly in hot and rainy environments, and leaves appear red dots after the disease, which may turn into black dots in dry environments and present outlines. The main control measures of anthracnose were spraying 25% pyraclostrobin (BASF Kairun),65% dimetril (BASF Baitai) 1 000 times solution or 41% methylthio tebuconazole (Longdeng Wenda) 1 000 times solution at tender shoot stage or young fruit stage.

4.3 mites

Mite pests are mainly red spiders and rust ticks. Red spider mainly affects leaves, fruits and young shoots, affected leaves will lose luster and appear gray. Rust ticks damage fruits, causing them to form black skin. The control measures of red spider are mainly to clean orchard with 97% mineral oil in winter, and to treat it with avermectin, spirodiclofen and etoxazole in other seasons, three or four times continuously at intervals of 15~20 days. In addition, it can also be treated by lofting predatory mites. The main control time of rust tick is June, drought and high temperature occur frequently, mainly by observing the density of insect population, and spraying timely when rust tick damage occurs. The main chemical pesticides are carbosulfan (banned after October), lufenuron, abamectin, etc.

5 Conclusion

For the cultivation of Satang orange, effective planting methods should be adopted, such as seedling selection, cultivation and planting methods, flower and fruit management, etc., effective management methods should be applied, different management schemes should be adopted for new shoots in different seasons, and comprehensive management measures should be considered according to age and fruit, so as to ensure the growth health of Satang orange and improve the economic benefit of planting.