Effect of nodule number of seed stem on the yield, growth and development of Polygonatum polygonatum

Effect of nodule number of seed stem on the yield, growth and development of Polygonatum polygonatum

In production, Polygonatum polygonatum mostly choose rhizome propagation, because its rhizome is beaded or nodular, it is often called "seed stem" [5]. The quality of seed stem directly affects seedling emergence and growth. The seed stem is too small, the growth is relatively slow, easy to cause lack of seedlings, weak seedlings, resulting in reduced yield; seed stem is too large, high seed cost, increase the risk of disease and pest infection [10-11]. Yang Zilong et al. [12] found that each section of rhizome propagation of Polygonatum polygonatum must have 2-3 nodes. The analysis of Bi Sheng et al. [13] showed that the stem of Polygonatum polygonatum propagated 2-3 nodes per segment and the length was 8-12 cm. Daiqin et al. [14] Rhizoma Polygonatum cultivated by Dai Qin et al. [14] Rhizoma Polygonatum cultivated by Daiqin et al. [14] Rhizoma Polygonatum cultivated in Daiqin et al. [14] Rhizoma Polygonatum cultivated in Daiqin et al. [14] Rhizoma Polygonatum cultivated in Daiqin et al. [14] Rhizoma Polygonatum cultivated in Dai Qin et al. [14] Rhizoma Polygonatum cultivated in Dai Qin et al. [14] Rhizoma Polygonatum cultivated in Dai Qin et al. [14] the rhizome with no broken skin and terminal bud was planted. However, at present, there are still some problems in the artificial cultivation of Polygonatum polygonatum, such as great difference in the amount of seed stem, non-standard seed use and so on. Based on the national base of seed and seedling breeding of traditional Chinese medicine (Guang'an, Sichuan), a single factor random block experiment was conducted to explore the effect of stem node number on its yield and growth and development index. to provide a basis for large-scale and standardized planting of Polygonatum polygonatum.

1 materials and methods

1.1 the tested materials were provided by the seed and seedling breeding base of traditional Chinese medicine (Guang'an, Sichuan), which had no diseases and insect pests and no mechanical damage.

1.2 Test method

1.2.1 Experimental design. The stem of Polygonatum polygonatum was divided into 6 treatments according to the number of nodules, which were A (nodule number 2), B (nodule number 3), C (nodule number 4), D (nodule number 5), E (nodule number 6), F (nodule number 7).

1.2.2 arrangement of field experiments. The test site is the seed and seedling breeding base of traditional Chinese medicine for national essential drugs (Guang'an, Sichuan). A single factor random block design was adopted in the experiment. The plot area was 10 m2, the row spacing was 30 cm, the plant spacing was 15 cm, and the depth was 8 cm. The experiment consists of 6 treatments, each repeated 4 times, a total of 24 experimental plots. Planted on March 1, 2014. Except for the experimental factors, the field cultivation and management techniques were carried out in accordance with the standardized production technical regulations of Polygonatum polygonatum.

1.2.3 Test and determination items and methods. The experiment adopted the combination of field investigation and harvest yield measurement, and according to the growth period of Polygonatum polygonatum, the relevant factors affecting the yield and quality of Polygonatum polygonatum were observed and recorded, such as seedling emergence time, seedling emergence rate, field growth (plant height) and the occurrence of diseases and insect pests. The yield was harvested on October 10, 2015. The whole experiment was harvested and processed uniformly, and the yield of each plot was determined. The test data were statistically analyzed by SPSS data analysis software, and the relationship between each index and the number of nodules was obtained.

2 results and analysis

2.1Effect of stem nodule number on yield and yield of Polygonatum polygonatum under 6 different nodule number treatments (Table 1), the stem quantity and yield of Polygonatum polygonatum seed with nodule number 7 were the highest, while those with nodule number of 7.67,17.88 kg; and 2 were the lowest, 1.85,6.69 kg respectively. The stem of Polygonatum seed with nodule number of 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 reached significant and extremely significant difference at 0.05 and 0.01, and the yield increased gradually with the increase of nodule number, but the yield coefficient increased at first and then decreased. The yield coefficient of 3 nodules was the highest, 2.95. The results showed that the yield of Polygonatum polygonatum increased gradually with the increase of the number of nodes, but the yield coefficient increased at first and then decreased, indicating that the stem nodule number of different specifications had a great influence on the yield, and the node number 3 was the optimum specification for Polygonatum polygonatum production.

Table 1 yield of Polygonatum polygonatum under several stem treatments with different nodules

Table 1 Yield of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua on different processing nodule numbers of stem

Note: in the SSR test, lowercase letters indicate significant difference at 0.05level, and capital letters indicate significant difference at level 0.01level. Output coefficient = (average yield of plot-seed consumption) / number of nodules

Note:SSR test,the lowercase letters indicate significant differences in the 0.05level,and the capital letters indicate significant differences in the 0.01level.Output coefficient= (Plot average yield-sowing quantity) / stem nodule numbers

2.2 effect of stem nodule number of Polygonatum polygonatum on growth and development

2.2.1 emergence time. Large-scale production of Polygonatum multiflorum usually requires relatively neat emergence time for unified field management. It can be seen from Table 2 that the emergence of seedlings is the fastest when the number of nodules is 4, and the slowest when the number of nodules is 2, which is 56 and 90 days respectively. The emergence time of 3 and 4 nodules was very neat, the difference of emergence time of 5 days between 4 and 5 was 9 days, and the emergence time of 5 and 6 nodules was 8 days, while the emergence time of 2 and 7 nodules was quite different, and the maximum difference was 15 days. It shows that the number of nodules has a great influence on the emergence of Polygonatum polygonatum, which is an important index. the experiment shows that the number of nodules is 4, and the number of nodules 4 is the most suitable specification for seedling emergence.

Table 2 effect of stem nodule number of Polygonatum polygonatum on growth and development

Table 2 Effects of stem nodule numbers on growth of Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua

Note: in the SSR test, lowercase letters indicate significant difference at 0.05level, and capital letters indicate significant difference at level 0.01level. Output coefficient = (average yield of plot-seed consumption) / number of nodules

Note:SSR test,the lowercase letters indicate significant differences in the 0.05level,and the capital letters indicate significant differences in the 0.01level.Output coefficient= (Plot average yield-sowing quantity) / stem nodule numbers

2.2.2 Seedling rate. The seedling rate has an effect on the amount of seed used and yield. Field statistical observation was carried out 14 days after planting, as shown in Table 2. In each treatment, 880 plants were planted according to the specification of 30 cm × 15 cm in the planned yield area of 40 m2 in 4 repeats. The survival rate of the seed stem with 3 nodules was higher, 864 plants survived 14 days later, and the survival rate was about 98.20%. The survival rate of seedlings with 4 nodules was only slightly lower than that with 3 nodules, about 97.56%. The survival rate of 3-5 nodules was more than 96.00%, and the survival rate of stems with 2 nodules was the lowest, only 92.25%. It shows that the number of nodules of 3-5 nodes is the most suitable specification for seedling.

2.2.3 occurrence of diseases and insect pests. The main disease of Polygonatum polygonatum is leaf spot, which occurs in summer and autumn, when the disease occurs, the leaves and stems produce irregular yellowish-brown spots, the leaf margin is purplish red, and then the disease spot spreads, and the leaves are withered and yellow, which seriously affects the yield. Only 46 strains of the disease (Polygonatum leaf spot) were found, and the results are shown in Table 2. The main pests are ground tiger, grub, bite seedlings and rhizome. The occurrence of insect pests in the experimental base was relatively light, except that 15 and 18 plants were found in the plots with 6 and 7 nodules respectively, the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in other plots were less than 5 plants. The reason for the serious occurrence of stem diseases of Polygonatum polygonatum seeds with the number of nodules 6 and 7 may be related to the large number of bud eyes of seed stems, which increases the probability of bacterial infection. It shows that the large seed stem is not conducive to the control of diseases and insect pests, and the number of nodules less than 6 nodes is the most suitable.

2.2.4 growth in the field. It can be seen from table 2 that when the node number of seed stem is 3, 4 and 5, the plant is strong and dark green in color, good in growth and neat in height, but there is no significant difference in field growth. The plant height in 54-56 cm is significantly different from that in 6 and 7. The plants with 2 nodules grew better, but the plant height was not as neat as that in 3, 4 and 5 plots, and the plants with 6 and 7 nodules grew slowly and were shorter. The results showed that the nodule number of Polygonatum polygonatum in 3-5 nodes was beneficial to the growth and development of the plant.

2.2.5 comparison of tuber appearance. It can be seen from Table 2 that the stem length and node base diameter of Polygonatum polygonatum species with nodule number 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 have no significant difference, but are significantly larger than the nodule number 2. The root length of Polygonatum polygonatum with 2 nodules was 10.23 cm, the diameter of node base was 2.95 cm;, the tuber length of 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 tubers was more than 13.50 cm, and the diameter of node base was more than 3.00. The tuber length and node base diameter of 5 tubers were the largest, 15.65,4.13 cm, respectively, and the tuber length and node base diameter decreased gradually when the nodule number was more than 5. The results showed that the nodule number of 3 to 5 was beneficial to the root growth and development of Polygonatum polygonatum.

3 conclusion and discussion

This study found that the number of stem nodules of Polygonatum polygonatum had a certain effect on yield and growth and development. When the number of nodules is 3, the yield coefficient is the highest, which is basically consistent with the materials selected by Yang Zilong [12] and Bi Sheng [13] in the high-yield cultivation of Polygonatum, that is, the study of 2-3 nodes per segment and 8-12 cm; in length did not clarify the reason for selecting 2-node 3 nodes, and the reason for material selection may be based on the experience accumulated in Polygonatum cultivation for many years. The results of this study verify the rationality of the selection of the two materials, and provide a statistical basis for their research results. Dai Qin et al. [Jishan Huayao] found that Polygonatum polygonatum was cultivated in the wild under the Phyllostachys pubescens forest, with 2 segments and 3 bud eyes. It is different from the 3 ~ 5 nodes found in this study, which may be due to the fact that Polygonatum polygonatum is more suitable for imitation wild cultivation, so the number of stem nodes selected can be reduced appropriately. Under the premise of not pursuing large-scale production, this advantage is reflected in: first, the conditions of imitating wild environment are similar to those of Rhizoma Polygonatum natural growth, with relatively few diseases and insect pests, and basically no need to use pesticides; second, the bamboo forest is rich in vegetation. the soil has good moisturizing and water retention performance, and normal Rain Water, night dew and moist air in the forest can meet the needs of Polygonatum growth. In this experiment, it was also found that the infection rate of more than 6 nodules was high, which was not suitable for large-scale production. This may be related to the cultivation and management measures of the experimental site. Although the probability of the occurrence of insect pests and diseases in the base is small, it is quite different from the wild environment. The whole growth period requires multiple watering and fertilization, and the high humidity environment can lead to an increase in the probability of disease susceptibility. This point needs further study.

To sum up, in the process of artificial cultivation of Polygonatum polygonatum seed stem, when the number of seed stem is 3-5, it not only reduces the amount of seed, but also is beneficial to increase production and growth, so it is suitable for large-scale and standardized production.