High-quality cultivation techniques of Zuijinxiang Grape in Jingning, Zhejiang Province

High-quality cultivation techniques of Zuijinxiang Grape in Jingning, Zhejiang Province

1 general situation of the experimental site

The experimental site is located in Taoyuan Fruit Gully, Taoyuan Village, Dongkeng Town, Jingning County, Zhejiang Province, with an altitude of 600m, frost-free period of about 215days, annual average temperature of 17.1℃, annual sunshine hours of 1683.2 hours, annual precipitation 1513.5mm, soil quality of sandy loam, deep soil layer and pH 6.2. it is very suitable for high-quality grape cultivation. The base has a continuous area of 5.3hm2, facility cultivation, and the grower is Lei Liqing, a professional cooperative of Jingning she family Taoyuan, with rich grape planting experience.

(2) performance of main characters

In Jingning area, Zuijinxiang grape began to sprout in early April, blossomed in mid-May, began to change color in mid-June, could be picked and sold in late July, with a soluble solid content of 18.7% and 21.3%. The fruit growth and development period is about 100 days, and the leaves begin to fall in early December. The ear is very large, the average ear mass is 803.7 g, the maximum is 1836 g, the ear is conical and the ear is compact. The fruit is large, Obovate, the average single grain mass is 13.23g, the maximum is 19.2 g, the pericarp is golden yellow at full maturity, the peel is uniform, the size is neat, the navel is obvious, the fruit powder is more, the pericarp is medium-thick, the peel is easy to separate from the pulp, the pulp is easy to separate from the seed, the fruit juice is more, there is no flesh capsule, the flavor is strong, the quality is high, and the organic acid is 0.59% 100g fresh fruit vitamin C content 5.72mg. The sprouting rate is high, the sprouting potential is strong, the development of branches and vines are exuberant, the internodes of branches are short, and the tissue is full and strong. This variety has the habit of secondary fruiting, improper cultivation and management is easy to produce stiff fruit and the yield is low.

Fig. 1 the result of Jiujinxiang grape in Jingning, Zhejiang

3 cultivation techniques

3.1 Establishment and planting of the garden

The seedlings with full bud body, strong growth, well-developed root system and no diseases and insect pests were selected for colonization. Before planting, ditches were dug and fertilized according to the row spacing of 2.5m3 m, ditch depth 30~50cm, wide 60~80cm, 2000kg livestock fertilizer or commercial organic fertilizer 1000kg per 666.7m2, mixed 100kg phosphate fertilizer into the ditch, filling soil into steamed bread-shaped ridges. Use phosphorus fertilizer to fix the planting point, choose sunny or cloudy days to plant. When planting, the roots of the seedlings were extended around, filled with soil, watered through, and covered with 80~100cm wide black plastic film. And open three trenches in time: periphery groove, waist groove, border groove (figure 2).

Fig. 2 schematic diagram of drainage ditch

3.2 selected facilities, rack type

Adopt simple standard steel pipe multi-span greenhouse: sagittal height more than 3.5m, shoulder height 2.0m. Single cross flying bird frame: it is composed of a column, a beam and 6 wiredrawing. Column, column distance 4m, column height 2.4m 2.5m, buried in the soil 50~60cm, column section 8 × 8 ~ 10cm, both sides of the column must be tilted outward about 30 °, and traction anchor stone. Crossbeam, long 150~170cm (row spacing 2.5cm 3m), high from the first steel wire 20~30cm. Wire drawing, the first wire drawing is located at the post 120~140cm, and one wire drawing is drawn on the crossbeam away from the column 35cm and 70~80cm. A total of 4 wire drawing lines are arranged on the shelf surface.

3.3 plastic pruning

A single cross flying bird frame is used in the rain shelter greenhouse. After planting and sprouting in the first year, a new shoot with the strongest growth was selected as the trunk, and the rest of the buds were wiped out. When the new shoot reached 20cm, a bamboo pole was inserted vertically, and the new shoot was tied to the bamboo pole. When the new shoot grew to 120~130cm, two were left at the top after the secondary shoot germinated, forming two arm vines to form a fruiting mother branch, with lateral vines on both sides of the arm vines, showing 45 °~ 60 °. The first wire on the shelf grew and flattened on the second wire. Distance between lateral vines (20cm). When pruning in winter, 5-6 buds were cut short, and the secondary shoots were all cut off. 20-30 days before sprouting in spring, 5-7 times lime nitrogen leaching solution or Domezi was applied to the mother branch to relieve dormancy, and 2 buds were not smeared. When the new shoots grew to 3~4cm, the extra buds were wiped out in batches; after seeing the inflorescences or 5 leaves and 1 heart, the extra shoots were erased one after another. When the new tip grows to about 40cm, it is tied to the steel wire at an equal distance of 18~20cm. When the new shoot grows to 7 leaves and 1 heart, remove the secondary shoot, leave 1 top accessory shoot, leave 3-5 leaves to pick the heart and protect the fruit, remove the secondary secondary shoot, and leave 4-5 leaves on the top and accessory shoot to remove the heart. In order to promote maturity, the basal old leaves were removed at the hard core stage. Remove the tendrils in time. It was pruned from 1 month after natural defoliation to January of the following year.

Ear management. The ear of Zuijinxiang fruit is loose and has the phenomenon of large and small grains. Timely flower thinning, fruit thinning and whole ear is the key to ensure its quality. Generally speaking, one ear is left for each fruiting branch, and no ear is left for the weak branch. Pinch the ear tip and remove the secondary shoot 3-5 days before flowering. Inflorescences with or without nucleation treatment left spike tip 4~7cm. When thinning the fruit, remove the fruit that is thin, deformed, the stalk is thin and grows inward. It is cylindrical, leaving 70-80 grains per panicle.

3.4 Fertilizer and water management

Zuijinxiang exuberant vegetative growth, reproductive growth is relatively weak, usually should strengthen fertilizer and water management, in order to promote branch maturity and improve fruit setting rate. 666.7m2 applied organic fertilizer 1000~2000kg, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer 60~80kg. Fertilization follows the principle of applying thin fertilizer frequently. Ten to 15 days before sprouting, ternary compound fertilizer was applied once to promote sprouting, once ternary compound fertilizer was applied before flowering after budding, once ternary compound fertilizer was applied as fruit expansion fertilizer after fruit setting, potassium and calcium fertilizer was applied once before berry coloring, after fruit harvest, potassium fertilizer and organic fertilizer were mixed and applied properly before cold prevention of deciduous soil, and some boron, zinc, magnesium and calcium fertilizers were applied to rejuvenate the tree and promote flower bud differentiation.

3.5 Disease and pest control

At the grape bud cashmere ball stage, the 3 ~ 5 °be stone sulfur mixture of ground, grape rack and bud spray has a special effect on the control of black pox and killing overwintering eggs at the same time. In the leaf spreading stage (2 leaves and 1 heart stage), bifenthrin was used to control green bug bug. At 8-10 leaf stage, focus on the control of rachis brown blight, using 70% methyl topiramate or 800 times solution of Moneng Ling and so on. Before and after flowering, emphasis should be placed on the control of gray mold, ear axis brown blight, white rot, powdery mildew, grape wing moth and grape tiger longicorn beetle. From pre-flowering to early flowering stage, spray Nonglieling 800x or 50% Sukeling 600x plus borax 1000 times; after anthesis (florescence) spray Jiale 1000 times plus potassium dihydrogen phosphate 500x plus 20% fenvalerate emulsion 3000 times. Before bagging after fruit setting, emphasis was placed on the control of white rot, as well as prevention of diseases and insect pests such as powdery mildew, anthracnose and downy mildew. The ear was treated with carbendazol plus difenoconazole. After bagging, copper preparation was used to control leaf diseases. After fruit picking to before defoliation (early and mid-September), focus on the control of diamondback moth, leafhopper, downy mildew and so on. Use the necessary 400x solution to prevent downy mildew, 10% destroy EC 3000 times solution to kill insects.