Technology of preventing and controlling blueberry shell insects

Technology of preventing and controlling blueberry shell insects

Blueberry scientific name blueberry, belongs to the rhododendron family blueberry shrub small berry tree. Blueberry has the unique effects of preventing brain nerve aging, enhancing heart function, preventing visual fatigue and preventing cancer. Blueberry is one of the five healthy fruits recommended by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.

The research on the introduction and cultivation of blueberry in China began at the end of the 20th century. Jiaodong Peninsula has a cool climate, suitable temperature, and mostly acidic soil, which is very suitable for blueberry cultivation. Blueberry was first introduced and commercialized in Jiaodong Peninsula in 2000. At present, it is the largest large-scale blueberry planting area in China. The main type of blueberry is Beigao Cong, and the main varieties are Lanfeng, Duke, Beilu, Darrow, Elliot and so on. With the expansion of the company's blueberry planting area and the increase of years, the problem of diseases and insect pests has become increasingly prominent. Gao Haixia et al investigated the sporadic occurrence of shell insects in 2006, but the occurrence was aggravated in recent years and serious in 2013. Through effective and reasonable control, obvious control results were achieved. This paper summarizes the occurrence regularity and comprehensive control of blueberry scale insects, in order to provide technical support for the prevention and control of blueberry scale insects.

1 harm of scale insects to blueberries

Scale insects gather with nymphs and adults to absorb the sap of blueberry leaves and branches. at the same time, its excretion can also induce coal fouling disease (figure 1) [Jishan Huayao], making blueberry leaves dense with black mold, which directly affects photosynthesis and leads to poor growth of blueberries. weaken the blueberry tree potential.

Fig. 1 Coal fouling disease caused by scale insects

2 occurrence regularity of scale insects

According to the observation of 3 years' production, the blueberry scale insect in Shandong Peninsula produces one generation a year, and the fertilized female adult overwinters on the branches. A large number of eggs began to hatch in early July, and the newly hatched nymphs began to be densely covered with blueberry leaves, harming the leaves. When the occurrence was serious, there were as many as 40-50 shell insects per leaf, and the leaf surface was often densely covered with black mildew. With the growth of the shell insects, they slowly transferred to the branches for fixed life, and in the middle of August, the scale insects mainly transferred to the branches for fixed damage (figure 2).

Fig. 2 occurrence pattern of blueberry scale insects

3 Prevention and control measures

The main results are as follows: (1) rational planting, scientific shaping and pruning, reasonable fertilization, keeping ventilation and transparent light, making blueberries grow healthily, can reduce the harm degree of shell insects.

(2) the combination of winter and spring pruning, cutting off insect branches, reducing the population number of overwintering insects, and destroying the cut insect branches in time.

(3) A small amount of shell insects on blueberry branches can be brushed off with an iron brush or scraped off with bamboo slices.

(4) Pesticide control. The suitable period for control is from mid-July to early August in Shandong Peninsula, during which the shell insects are in the peak stage of nymphs and are attached to blueberry leaves to feed. If the shell insect lives on blueberry branches, a waxy protective layer has been formed at this time, which will greatly weaken the control effect of the pesticide. It can be sprayed with 95% mineral oil EC 200 times, 22.4% snail ethyl ester 2000 times, methylvitamin salt + furosemide 1 500 times in the appropriate period.