Planting techniques of very precocious peach Xingnonghong 2

Planting techniques of very precocious peach Xingnonghong 2

1 selection and breeding process

Neihuang Xingnong Fruit Tree cultivation Co., Ltd. planted a batch of Xingnong red peach in the greenhouse of Neihuang County Fruit Tree Association in March 2009. In 2010, it was found that there was a fruit variation of a branch in the southwest of greenhouse 77. The ripening period was about 15 days earlier than that of Xingnong red peach and matured on April 15. After fruit ripening, it was observed that the size was slightly smaller than that of Xingnong red peach, and its color was consistent with that of Xingnong red peach. The average weight of a single fruit is 150 grams, and the maximum fruit is 280 grams (figure 1). In the summer of 2000, 20 Xingnong red peach trees planted in the open field were grafted with scions from the tree (the mother plant is still preserved in situ) in the park, and 200 seedlings were grafted and bred. In the summer of 2011, 10 mu of seedlings were grafted and bred in the park. In 2013 and 2015, they were demonstrated and popularized in the open field in Xinyuan Garden Co., Ltd., Xihua County, Henan Province, and Xingwangzhuang Village, Yangshao Township, Qingfeng County, Puyang City, Henan Province, covering an area of 75 mu and 90 mu respectively. The fruit ripening period is about 15 days earlier than that of Xingnong red peach. Generally, the yield per mu of open field cultivation is more than 450 kg in the following year, and the fruit size is the same as that cultivated in the greenhouse. The average single fruit weight is 150 grams, the maximum fruit weight is 280 grams, and the genetic character is stable. This variety is a very early-maturing variety, and its high yield is better than that of Xingnonghong. The variety was examined and approved by Henan Forest Variety approval Committee in March 2017.

2 main characters

2.1 Botanical characteristics

The canopy is half open. The trunk branches are low, and the bark is grayish brown and slightly glossy. The perennial branch is gray, the surface is smooth; the annual branch is purplish red on the positive side, light green on the shade, glossy, glabrous, and the lenticels are not obvious. Leaves alternate, clustered on short branches, leaf blade lanceolate, base broadly cuneate, margin serrulate, both surfaces glabrous, apex acute, 12-16 cm long, 3-4.5 cm wide, petiole 1-2 cm long, usually with one or more glands. Flowers usually solitary, opening before leaves, 2.5-3.5 cm in diam., shortly pedicellate, calyx 5-lobed, base connate into short calyx tube, glabrous, petiole 7-12 mm long, glandular punctate, flowers 5-merous, Obovate, pink, stamens numerous, ovary 1-loculed, style slender, stigma small, capitate.

2.2 Fruit economic traits

The fruit matured on May 25, more than 15 days earlier than Xingnong red peach. After the fruit is ripe, the pericarp is all-round red (figure 2), the bagged fruit is pink, the appearance is bright, the fruit is round or nearly round, and the fruit is semi-detached. According to the measurement by experts, the average single fruit mass of Xingnonghong No. 2 peach is 168.7 grams, the maximum single fruit weight is 248.1 grams, and the average vertical diameter is 72.58mm. Horizontal diameter 68.06mm (figure 3). The top of the fruit is flat or slightly concave, the sutures are obvious, the two halves are symmetrical; the stalk is short, medium thick, and the stalk is deep and wide; the face of the fruit is all red, the pulp is white, and there is red precipitation near the epidermis when it is fully ripe; the flesh is fine and crisp, insoluble, and there is much fruit juice with fragrance and soluble solids content of 9.3%. Semi-detached nucleus. After the fruit is ripe, the tree can not fall for 15 days, the firmness of the fruit is 8.28 kg / square cm, and it can be preserved for 14 days at room temperature.

Fig. 1 Xingnong Red Peach Bud change-Xingnonghong 2

Fig. 2 the result of Xingnonghong 2

Fig. 3 mature fruit of Xingnonghong 2

2.3 growth and fruiting habits

Xingnonghong No. 2 peach tree has strong potential, thick branches, strong upright, obvious apical advantage, strong sprouting and branching ability. The sprouting rate of 1-year-old branches was 86.89%, the average number of long branches was 3 to 5, and the length of new shoots was 85 to 110 centimeters. The young trees grow vigorously and have a strong ability to expand their crown naturally. Long, medium and short fruit branches can bear fruit, young trees are mainly medium and long fruit branches, and adult trees are mainly medium and short fruit branches. It has the advantages of self-fruiting, easy flower formation, large amount of pollen, high fruit setting rate, light physiological fruit drop and no pre-harvest fruit drop. The young trees bear fruit early and have strong high yield. The 5-year-old Xingnonghong No. 2 peach has a yield of 14 kg per plant, a row spacing of 2 m × 3 m, and an equivalent yield of 1 554 kg per mu.

2.4 Phenological phase

In Neihuang, Xihua and Puyang, Xingnonghong No. 2 peach sprouted in mid-March, bloomed at the beginning of March, bloomed on April 4-10 (figure 4) [Jishan Huayao], and flowered at the end of April 12-15, about 7 days earlier than ordinary peaches. The fruit began to color in early May, matured around May 25 (matured around April 15 in solar greenhouse), the fruit development period was 50 days, and the leaves began to fall in mid-October.

2.5 adaptability and stress resistance

The multi-site experiment showed that the suitable growth range of Xingnonghong No. 2 peach was in the similar area with annual average temperature of about 13.2 ℃ and rainfall of 500mm to 600mm, showing cold resistance, high yield and disease resistance. The sandy loam of Xingnonghong No. 2 with deep layer, rich in organic matter and good drainage can grow normally under the neutral soil conditions of plain, hilly and mountain areas, but grow poorly on the clay soil with poor drainage and moist soil.

3 main points of cultivation techniques

3.1 site selection to build a garden

The garden is built on medium soil and low clay land with deep soil layer, good drainage and groundwater level no higher than 80 cm in rainy season. If a garden is established in sandy or clayey land, soil improvement should be carried out and organic fertilizer should be applied before planting. Because the variety is drought-resistant, barren-tolerant, saline-alkali tolerant and cold-resistant, it can be cultivated in plains, hills and mountainous areas of North China. Generally, the cultivation density in open field can be (2 × 3) m × 4 m, and that in protected field is 1.0 m × 1.5 m.

3.2 Management in the year of planting

The cultivation density in open field is relatively small, and low crops can be intercropped in the same year, such as peanuts, soybeans and so on. The cultivation density in greenhouse is relatively high, in order to promote its formation as soon as possible and see benefits as soon as possible, intercropping is generally not carried out. Topdressing began when the new shoot grew to about 15 cm, topdressing urea 20-25 kg per mu, and then topdressing every 15-20 days for 4-5 times. After June, when the new shoot grows to 40-50 cm, the coring method is adopted to promote its branching, and for the growing erect branches, the branch method is adopted to change the growth polarity and promote it to form flower buds as soon as possible. After the middle of July, when the new shoot grew to 70-80 cm, in order to promote its Lignification, 200-fold paclobutrazol was used to control the growth. if the growth was too prosperous, spray it again every 15 days.

Fig. 4 flowering shape of Xingnonghong No. 2 peach

Fig. 5 mature Xingnonghong No. 2 peach

Fig. 6 Xingnonghong No. 2 peach packed in a box

3.3 Fertilizer and water management

According to the growth characteristics of this variety, it needs to be fertilized three times in the whole year: applying base fertilizer in autumn, applying chicken manure 340 cubic meters per mu, topdressing 50 kg of ternary compound fertilizer per mu in fruit expansion period, and topdressing 50 kg of high nitrogen and potassium compound fertilizer per mu in hard core stage. It was generally watered 5 times in the whole year: 2 times after fertilization in fruit expansion stage and hard kernel stage, with an interval of 15 days, and frozen water was watered from fallen leaves of peach trees to soil freezing in autumn.

3.4 strict fruit thinning and reasonable load

Xingnonghong No. 2 peach has a high fruit setting rate, especially after entering the full fruit period, it must be strictly thinned and loaded reasonably in order to achieve the due fruit size and good quality. Fruit thinning should be carried out at the end of April and the beginning of May when there is a clear distinction between large and small fruits. Remove deformed fruits, disease and insect pests and surplus fruits. There are 1 fruit in short fruit branch, 2-3 fruit in middle fruit branch and 4-5 fruit in long fruit branch. The yield per mu is controlled at about 2 500 kg.

3.5 timely harvest

Xingnonghong No. 2 peach is a hard peach variety, which is not easy to soften. In production, it can be harvested after the fruit is fully ripe. Generally speaking, it is better to harvest when the fruit is crisp and sweet (Fig. 5, Fig. 6).

3.6 Disease and pest control

The main diseases and insect pests are aphids, red spiders, peach heart borer, gray mold and so on. Control methods: control diseases and insect pests such as Botrytis cinerea and red spiders with 3-5 pommetil before sprouting, control aphids with imidacloprid before and after anthesis, control red spiders with avermectin or avermectin during the growing period, and control gray mold with Sukeling or chlorothalonil.