Stable yield Renewal Technology of Old Apple Orchard

Stable yield Renewal Technology of Old Apple Orchard

1 the benefits of adopting new technology in the transformation of old apple orchards

1.1 shortens the time limit for rebuilding the park

Generally, it takes at least 4-5 years to build an orchard with seedlings to hang fruit, while the new technology generally begins to hang fruit in 3 years, which can save at least 1-2 years.

1.2 solved the problem of continuous cropping land

It usually takes 5 to 6 years for the old orchard to be dug up and replanted, but the transformation of the new technology can be completed that year, saving at least 4 to 5 years. And solved the problem of continuous cropping land.

1.3 overcome the problem of land shortage

The new technology for the transformation of the old orchard is carried out in the original orchard when the orchard farmers want to change, and there is no need to find new land to build the orchard, which solves the problem of land shortage.

1.4 cost savings and reduced investment

It costs 6 to 7 yuan for a dwarf apple seedling in the new orchard and 1.0 yuan for each hole dug by machine, while it only costs 5.5 yuan to transform an old apple tree (2 yuan for scion, 3 yuan for grafting, 0.5 yuan for nylon grass and plastic bags), saving at least 1.5 yuan and 2.5 yuan.

2 the method of reforming new technology and scion preparation

2.1 sawing trees

When the old tree is sawed off 10 to 15 centimeters from the ground (figure 1), the bark should be smooth, there should be no rot scar, and the saw section should be flat, without stubble, otherwise it would affect survival.

2.2 the method of subcutaneous grafting

The cutting side of the scion is at least 3 cm long, with an arrow on the back (figure 2).

2.3 scion preparation

In order to save the scion and reduce the cost, the main scion (that is, the central trunk scion to be selected) can choose the new variety to be grafted, and the rest of the scion can choose the general variety scion when the orchard is pruned in winter.

Fig. 1 sawing an old tree

Fig. 2 for subcutaneous branch grafting

2.4 grafting quantity

Trees with a trunk diameter of more than 10 cm have at least 4 joints, while trees with a trunk diameter of less than 10 cm have at least 3 joints.

2.5 bandaging after receiving

The saw surface should be tightly wrapped with plastic bags, and each scion should be fastened with nylon rope (figure 3) [Yoshama Huayao]. Do not let water flow into the junction of each scion and saw surface, otherwise it will affect survival, and finally tie it tightly with a large plastic bag cover (figure 4).

Fig. 3 bandaging after grafting

Fig. 4 fasten the grafted branch tightly

3 the time for the transformation of the old apple orchard

It can be done when the tree leaves its bark. That is, from late March to late April.

4 Management after receiving

4.1 check for survival

After the scion sprouts, tear the plastic bag open for exercise for a few days and then remove the plastic bag after 4 pm.

4.2 untie and tie the strips in time

Untie the nylon grass rope in time in the middle and late June, do not let the nylon grass hang the scion.

4.3 binding and erecting struts

When loosening in June, each tree is tied with a bamboo pole to fix the scion to prevent the wind from breaking.

4.4 timely fertilization and irrigation

The management of soil, fertilizer and water in the old orchard should be strengthened. after survival, 0.5-1.0 kg urea was applied to each tree, which was applied in 3-4 times and irrigated at the same time.

4.5 Control of diseases and insect pests

Timely control of aphids, leaf rollers, red spiders, green bug bugs, early defoliation and other diseases and insect pests to ensure the vigorous growth of scions.

5 timely connection

5.1 July parallel connection

Enter July and pick up in time. Choose the central trunk. A tree with a stout and straight trunk is selected as the central tree, and a smaller branch is left on each scion, and when the new branch is semi-Lignified, the ventral grafting method is used to insert it into the central trunk, so that three supply and one central trunk can be formed (figure 5).

5.2 parallel connection in the following year

Fig. 5 grafting and parallel grafting completed

Parallel grafting can also be carried out in the following spring, and after the tree is removed from the bark, the abdominal grafting is completed, and a sturdy straight tree is selected as the central tree among the scions grafted in the previous year, and a smaller branch ventral grafting is left on the rest of each scion to form a central trunk (figure 6).

Fig. 6 parallel connection in the following year

6 points for attention

(1) strive for one-time grafting to survive each scion, otherwise the bark where it does not survive is easy to dry and rot.

(2) protect the saw surface of the old tree, and apply anti-rot agent on the saw surface after the grafting survives to prevent the saw surface from rotting and blackening, and be careful not to apply it on the scion.

(3) remove the binding material in time (figure 7), do not let the binding material break the scion or hang it into a fine gourd shape, so as to affect the firmness of the tree.

Fig. 7 timely release of the bandage