Introduction and cultivation techniques of Dioscorea zingiberensis No. 2 in Dean County, Jiangxi Province

Introduction and Cultivation Techniques of Purple Yam No. 2 in De 'an County of Jiangxi Province

Suyan No. 2 is a new mid-late maturing, high-quality, short-block purple yam variety bred in 2013 by Xuzhou Institute of Agricultural Sciences and Economic Crop Research Institute of Jiangsu Province Academy of Agricultural Sciences through radiation breeding method of "Zhejiang Taihu Zishiyao." It was identified by Crop Variety Approval Committee of Jiangsu Province in December 2015 (identification number: Su Jianyan 201502). In 2017, this variety was introduced by De 'an County (De' an) Agricultural Technology Extension Center and successfully planted in Yaoxiang Ecological Agriculture Family Farm in Baota Township. The variety has strong adaptability, less cultivation labor and economic benefit of 10,000 yuan/mu.

1 Characteristics

The growth period of Suyan 2 was late, and it took 170 days from emergence to maturity. The seedlings emerged 29 days after sowing, and the seedlings were full and vigorous 50 days after sowing. Its tubers were long spindle shape, dense fibrous roots on the surface, brown skin; purple meat, bright color, smooth meat. Tubers are 4 ~6 cm in diameter and 15 ~ 20 cm in length. The average tuber weight per plant was 0.75 kg. This variety has wide adaptability, strong resistance, light susceptibility to yam anthracnose, strong waterlogging tolerance and waterlogging tolerance.

2 Economic benefits

On October 30th, the harvest and yield test were carried out uniformly, the average harvest was 2 491 plants/667 m2, the tuber weight of each plant was 0.75 kg, the average fresh potato yield was 1 868.3 kg/667 m2, the selling price was 10 yuan/kg, the output value was 18 683 yuan/667 m2, the net income was 13 thousand yuan/667 m2 after deducting the cost, and the economic benefit was remarkable.

3 Cultivation techniques

3.1 Fine soil preparation selects fields with convenient irrigation and drainage, fertile soil and deep soil layer, with sandy loam or loam with good permeability as appropriate, deep ploughing and whitening, soil preparation and ridge making. The ridge surface shall be 50cm wide, 30cm high and 30cm wide. The ridge surface shall be smooth and fine.

3.2 Seed potato treatment Select disease-free seed potatoes before sowing, remove skin soil, cut into potato pieces about 5 cm long and 40 ~ 50 g in weight, mix with lime or lime ash, and sow after drying the cuts. When cutting, disinfect the knife with 75% alcohol to prevent virus (bacteria) infection.

3.3 Sowing at appropriate time before and after Qingming Festival, adopting single-plant single-row planting mode. Plant spacing 30 cm, row spacing 80 cm, density 2 700 ~ 2 800 plants/667 m2. In the middle of the finished ridge surface, open a 20 cm deep sowing ditch, apply compound fertilizer to the ditch first, cover 2 cm thick broken soil, then discharge seed blocks, cover fine soil, and ensure that the seed spacing and soil cover are uniform. The seed quantity is about 130 kg/667 m2.

3.4 After sowing with black film mulching, black film with a width of 100 cm is covered on the ridge surface. When covering the film, the film should be tightened and compacted all around. The film should be pressed with soil every 2 m to prevent strong wind from destroying the film. When seedlings emerge, they should break the film and expose seedlings in time to prevent the leaves from being burned by contacting the film. Using black film mulch, than white film warming, moisture retention, grass control, weeding effect is better [Jishan Huayao].

3.5 After seedling emergence, the vine should be guided to grow upward in time. Generally, the herringbone frame should be inserted with thin bamboo poles, and the height of the frame should be 1.6 ~ 2.0 m. The support should be inserted firmly and fastened to prevent it from being blown down by the wind. Yam stems and vines can generally stretch naturally on the shelves. In order to avoid mutual stirring, they can also guide the stems and vines evenly on the shelves.

3.6 scientific fertilization

3.6.1 Apply sufficient base fertilizer combined with tillage and seeding. Before ploughing, evenly spread decomposed rapeseed cake 100 kg/667 m2 on the ground surface, and then deeply plough 30 cm to fully mix soil and fertilizer; when sowing, bury 45% potassium sulfate compound fertilizer in the sowing ditch according to the dosage of 100 kg/667 m2 (see sowing at appropriate time for method).

3.6.2 Topdressing in time at the full frame stage of stems and vines, topdressing with high-concentration compound fertilizer 25 ~35 kg/667 m2 and urea 10 kg/667 m2. Spraying 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution and urea two or three times at the later stage of growth can protect leaves and prevent aging.

3.7 Irrigation and drainage from April to June, in case of continuous rainy and rainstorm weather, stagnant water in production fields shall be drained in time to prevent waterlogging. 7-8 Month, such as more than 7 consecutive days of summer drought weather, to timely sprinkler irrigation or irrigation horse water, keep the soil moist.

3.8 Disease and pest control yam mainly by yam anthracnose, brown spot disease, bacterial wilt, virus disease and white grubs, cutworm and other diseases and pests damage. The control of anthracnose was emphasized by spraying 75 g/667 m2 of 25% prochloraz EC on 50 kg/667 m2 of water at the initial stage of the disease, and spraying again every 7 ~ 10 days when the disease was serious. Virus-free seed potatoes are mainly used to control virus diseases. 5% carbaryl granules are used to control underground pests in seed dressing or fine sand sowing period or seedling stage.

3.9 Timely harvest at the end of October, plants stop growing, underground tubers are fully mature, choose fine weather to start harvesting, should be fully harvested before frost. When harvesting, pay attention not to hurt the tuber epidermis as much as possible, so as not to break the tuber.