The technique of promoting Flower and Fruit Protection by planting Golden Classical Black Magnolia

Flowering and Fruiting Technology of Black Diamond Lotus Fog

Lotus is an evergreen tropical tree fruit tree belonging to myrtaceae and syzygium. It has strong adaptability and can adapt to various soil types. It grows fast and has high and stable yields. At present, it is planted in Hainan, Guangdong, Yunnan, Guangxi, Taiwan, Fujian and Sichuan provinces, but more in Taiwan and Hainan. Lotus not only has bright fruit color, fresh taste and high edible and commercial value, but also has many branches on its trunk, natural round-headed crown, single leaf opposite, leathery leaves, fragrant flowers and beautiful flower shape, bell-shaped fruits with bright fruit color, many fruits and long fruit hanging period, which has high ornamental value.

Black Diamond (also written as Black Gold Steel) is a new variety of Black Diamond Lotus selected and improved on the basis of Black Pearl in Taiwan. Under normal management conditions, Black Diamond Lotus begins to bear fruit after 2 years of planting and enters into full production after 6 years. The average plant yield is more than 40 kg. The fruit of black diamond lotus is larger, the average fruit weight is about 150 grams, the fruit is long bell shape, the fruit color is dark red to purple black, the flavor is rich, the sponge tissue is less, the soluble solid content is higher than 15%, and it is deeply loved by consumers. The market price of anti-season fruit in recent years exceeds 30 yuan/kg, the economic benefit is good, and the producer has high enthusiasm for planting. It has become a new and efficient agricultural industry.

Lotus is a kind of hygrophilous fruit tree, except flower bud differentiation stage needs relatively dry, other stages need to keep orchard soil field water holding capacity at about 70%. At the same time, lotus fog bogey ponding, fruit development period in case of continuous rain should be timely drainage, avoid a large number of fruit cracking, fruit drop. Management should pay special attention to a few points:

tip control

3~4 days before pruning, spraying 6000 times solution of 40% ethephon or 200~500 times solution of paclobutrazol to control shoots, so as to inhibit the germination and growth of shoots.

tree pruning

After spraying ethephon or paclobutrazol on the trees, light, medium and heavy pruning can be selected according to the growth and development of the trees and the maturity, so as to reduce the number of branches and keep the trees ventilated and transparent. the slight prune is carried out aft that fruits are harvested from May to July, and the technical operation is as follows: thinning out excessive long branch, back upper branch, overdense branch, diseased branch and weak branch, cutting off branches and sprouts at the base of the tree body, reserving main branches and maintaining the original tree shape Moderate pruning is carried out more than 3~5 months, and the technical operation is as follows: thinning out the top branches of the tree body on the basis of light pruning, retracting the heads of the trunk branches, selecting and retaining the large branches and strong branches evenly distributed in space, shortening the fruiting branches according to the growth strength of the branches, retaining the branch piles about 2~5 cm, and removing about 50% of the branches and leaves to promote the regeneration of the tree body. Heavy pruning is generally carried out once every 3~5 years. Crown renewal is carried out for perennial, tall crown, seriously reduced productivity, serious disease and insect damage or weak trees, more than from January to March. Technical operation is as follows: truncate main branches and remove about 70% of branches and leaves, which is conducive to reshaping round-headed tree shape.

Time and method of flower acceleration

From the end of June to the end of November, it can control the marketing time from October to April of the next year. Specific operations are:

(1) trunk girdling or strangulation: 30~35 days after pruning, when the last tip is more than 7 mature (leaves turn from red to yellow), close one circle on the trunk about 30 cm above the ground, reaching the xylem, and the width of the peeling mouth is 1~2 cm (depending on the age and tree vigor); or strangulate the trunk with iron wire 2~3 weeks before flowering.

(2) Application of paclobutrazol on rhizomes: On the next day of ring cutting, the soil at the base of rhizomes was irrigated with 200 times solution of 15% paclobutrazol wettable powder, and the dosage was controlled to 2~4 kg/tree according to the age and tree vigor.

(3) Crown covering: trees after application

The canopy covered 90% shading net for 25~45 days. Among them, from April to August, the number of shading days should be controlled at least 35 days; after the middle of September, the number of shading days can be shortened to 25~30 days.

(4) Insecticides for promoting flowering: immediately spray 500 times solution of 48% chlorpyrifos EC +1.8% Aiduo water collecting agent +0.5% urea after removing the net. Spraying twice continuously, with an interval of 2~3 days, and before 7:00 a.m. or after 18:00 p.m., cloudy or cloudy weather is appropriate. When spraying, spray evenly on both sides of the leaf.

flower and fruit management

(1) Thinning flower: flower branch selection principle: select oblique, lateral or drooping fruit branches, fruit branches on the back, thin and diseased fruit branches should be thinned, fruit branch spacing should be controlled at 15~20 cm. The first thinning leaves 2/3 of the flowers, leaving 1 inflorescence for each fruiting branch, leaving 5 - 10 flowers for each inflorescence.

(2) Fruit thinning: After flowering to the size of fruit fingers, artificially wipe off withered stamens, and thin small fruits, weak fruits, abnormal fruits, diseased fruits, single fruit branch according to the health degree of fruit branch select 3~6 small fruits, no more than 8 at most.

(3) Bagging: After fruit thinning, spray the whole tree and young fruit with 50% prochloraz manganese salt WP 1000 - 1500 times solution or 64% oxadiazole-manganese zinc WP 600 - 800 times solution or 70% thiophanate-methyl WP 800 times solution, mixed with 20% methomyl EC 2000 - 2500 times solution or 10% imidacloprid EC 5000 times solution or 1% abamectin EC 5000 times solution, and then bagging the fruit clusters with sterilized special fruit bags.

During the period from flowering to harvest, proper shoot control should be carried out, flowers should be wiped and tops should be picked in time, so as to avoid nutrient consumption of tree body and affect the quality of flowers and fruits.

(4) Fruit preservation: spray 80% 2,4- D sodium salt water-soluble powder 50,000 - 100,000 times +0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate or multi-element foliar fertilizer once a week after flowering to prevent fruit drop. After bagging, focus on spraying leaves around the ear [Jishan Huayao].

(5) Fruit picking: According to the different seasons, the fruits begin to turn red after 30~50 days after bagging, observe the maturity and coloring of the fruits through the "skylight" of the fruit bag, and harvest them about 9 mature. When harvesting, cut off the fruit branches from the base together with the fruit bag with branch shears, and transport them to the packaging site after packaging. Handle them gently during harvesting and transportation.

Fruit grading and packaging

(1) Grading: carefully open the fruit bag, take out the ear, put it on the fruit conveyor sorting machine, screen out rotten fruit, diseased fruit, cracked fruit and abnormal fruit, and then grade according to conditions. The requirements of fruit appearance quality of commodity fruit are correct fruit shape, uniform coloring, bright fruit color, fruit characters consistent with variety characteristics, no crack, disease spot and mechanical injury on fruit surface. Grading according to single fruit weight: superior fruit single fruit weight> 110g; first-class fruit single fruit weight 90~ 110g; second-class fruit single fruit weight 75~ 90g; substandard fruit single fruit weight