Zero Pesticide Pest Control Technology in sightseeing picking Orchard

"Zero Pesticide" Pest Control Technology in sightseeing picking Orchard

The "zero pesticide" pest control technology is on the basis of grasping the artificial and physical control of pests during the dormant period of fruit trees, and according to the biological characteristics of pests, during the occurrence period of pests, yellow boards, insecticidal lamps and sex attractants are used to trap and control pests and control them within the allowable range of control indexes, so as to realize the comprehensive prevention and control technology of pests completely instead of chemical pesticides. At present, this set of pest prevention and control technology has been used in a number of sightseeing picking gardens in Xingtai County, Shahe City, Lincheng County, Neiqiu County, Wei County, Longyao County, Linxi County and other counties and cities in Xingtai City. The rate of good leaves and fruits of fruit trees in the demonstration area is more than 90%. And the fruits of several sightseeing picking gardens have been certified as green fruits and organic fruits. The specific techniques are summarized as follows:

1 Prevention and control techniques using the biological characteristics of insect pests in the occurrence period of insect pests

1.1 Prevention and control of tree trunk binding grass

It is mainly used to control overwintering pests with lower tree transfer habits, such as walnut limb moth, leaf moth, leaf roll moth, aphids, mites, shell insects, peach heart borer, pear heart borer, peach borer, jujube inchworm, tea wing bug and other overwintering pests. In late August every year, the trunk is tied around the trunk 10 centimeters from the first main branch. The handle should be loose and tight, with a thickness of about 3 to 5 centimeters. This method can not only control many kinds of overwintering mature larvae, but also prevent fruit trees from freezing injury.

1.2 Prevention and control by barrier method

Mainly used to control pests with harmful habits of tree transfer, such as peach heart borer, pear heart borer, peach borer, jujube bud weevil, jujube inchworm, grass scale, green bug bug, red spider and so on. After the trunk is scraped before the fruit tree germinates, the trunk 30 cm above the ground is coated with armyworm glue for a circle, with a width of 3 cm to 5 cm, which can cut off the harmful passage on the tree of reptile pests to achieve the purpose of control.

1.3 Prevention and control of yellow board trapping

Yellow board is mainly used to trap and kill some small and micro pests that have a tendency to yellow, such as aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, thrips, bugs, flies and mosquitoes. The size of the yellow board is 20 cm × 25 cm, with about 25 pieces per mu. It began to hang at the beginning of April, with a height of 1 to 1.5 meters above the ground. When hanging, one end of the plastic rope or wire is fixed on the scaffolding, and the other end is fastened to the reserved hole on the yellow board. Using Z-shaped distribution or parallel distribution, the trapping effect of yellow board placed in east-west direction is better than that in north-south direction. When more than 60% of the area of the yellow board is covered with worms, the yellow board should be replaced in time, and when the yellow board viscose is not sticky, it should also be replaced in time. Practice has proved that the yellow board can completely replace chemical pesticides in trapping and killing small and micro pests with yellowing tendency, and achieve zero pesticides (figure 1) [Jishan Huayao].

Fig. 1 hanging yellow board trap in Weixian high-efficiency agricultural demonstration base

1.4 Prevention and Control by Insecticidal Lamp

Insecticidal lamp is the use of phototaxis, waves and other characteristics of pests, the use of light, wave, color, taste, coupled with high-voltage power grid to trap and kill pests. The insecticidal lamp has a good trapping effect on the adults of insect pests such as Lepidoptera and Coleoptera. It mainly attracts and kills Lepidoptera pests, accounting for about 85% and 90% of the total number of pests trapped and killed. Beneficial insects are also trapped and killed, mainly bees, dragonflies, ladybugs, mantis, etc., but the number of beneficial insects only accounts for about 0.1% of the total number of insects. In areas where power facilities are convenient or convenient for the installation of power facilities, light-controlled rain-controlled insecticidal lamps are used, but solar insecticidal lamps are not convenient for the erection of power facilities. The insecticidal lamp should be set in the open space where the light source in the forest is not blocked as far as possible, the distance between the lights is 80,100 meters, and an average of 30 mu should be set up with one insecticidal lamp. The height of the lamp is just higher than the fruit tree. the hanging time starts in the middle of April and ends at the end of September. When in use, the light is turned on at 7: 00 p. M. every day and turned off at 5: 00 the next day. The light is not turned on in thunderstorm. Brush the high-voltage net once every 1-2 days and clean the worm bag once every 1-3 days (figure 2).

Fig. 2 trapping picture of hanging solar energy insecticidal lamp in Jinmiao ecological orchard in Neiqiu County

1.5 Sex attractant trapping and killing method

Sex attractant traps and kills pests is through synthetic female moths releasing some chemical components called sex pheromones after sexual maturity, attracting male moths of the same species seeking mating in the field, trapping and killing them in traps, so that females lose the opportunity to mate and can not effectively reproduce, so as to reduce the number of offspring and achieve the purpose of controlling this kind of pests. The practice shows that the hanging trap is the most effective method to control the serious pests in orchard, such as peach heart borer, pear heart borer, peach borer, green blind bug, leaf moth and so on. and the sex trap has the advantages of low cost, no pollution, good effect and simple operation, and accords with the production rules of green fruit. When in use, a trap is usually placed at an interval of 15 to 20 meters. The closely planted orchards should be spaced at a smaller interval, and the hanging height should be 1.5 meters from the ground (figure 3). In general, the trap is changed once every two months, and the trap is overhauled in time to prevent the missed killing of pests. Timely clean up the dead insects in the trap and bury them deep. Traps can be reused, and discarded traps should be buried deeply. The trap core of green bug was suspended at the end of April, the trap core of pear borer was suspended at the end of March in peach orchard or mixed orchard with peach trees, the trap core of pure pear and apple orchard was suspended in early May, the trap core of peach borer was suspended at the end of May, the trap core of peach borer was suspended at the end of April, and the trap core of leaf moth was suspended in early April.

Fig. 3 triangular trap of sex attractant in jujube garden in Lincheng county

(2) artificial and physical comprehensive prevention and control techniques for fruit trees during dormancy.

2.1 cut off insect branches and fruit

Cut off branches and fruits with pests to prevent aphids, longicorn beetles and shell insects, and reduce the number of overwintering insects.

2.2 clear the garden thoroughly

Many pests in fruit trees, such as cicadas, moths, whiteflies and leaf mites, survive the winter in litter and stiff fruits. Therefore, after the defoliation of fruit trees, timely clean up the weeds, fallen leaves and fruits in the orchard, concentrate on deep burial, burning or high-temperature retting fertilizer, reduce the overwintering base of pests, and effectively reduce the number of pests in the coming year.

2.3 dig deep into the garden soil

When turning deeply, it is necessary to expand around the trunk from shallow to deep, turning about 20 centimeters away from the trunk, turning the topsoil to the bottom and the subsoil to the top. When you encounter a root with a diameter of 1 centimeter, you should pay attention to protection and do not cut it off.

Through deep turning, the overwintering nests of pests in the soil can be destroyed, the pests can be frozen to death or dried to death, and can also be directly killed by farming equipment. Ploughing can also turn a large number of weeds, fallen leaves and diseased fruits on the soil surface to the depths of the soil, which can not only increase the source of fertilizer, but also reduce the source of diseases and insect pests. [Jishan Huayao]

2.4 scrape the bark

Fruit tree bark scraping is an important measure in orchard management in winter, which can not only enhance the tree potential and prevent premature senescence, but also eliminate the overwintering pests in bark cracks and control or reduce the occurrence and harm of some insect pests in the coming year. so as to achieve the effect of "no pesticide application, better pesticide application". After removing the grass handle on the trunk, the fruit trees begin to scrape the bark in winter, mainly to scrape off the rough bark and warp skin on the trunk and branches. The degree of scraping is appropriate to scrape off the light brown skin to see green but not white. When shaving, spread a piece of plastic sheet under the tree to collect the scraped bark and debris and bury them deeply or burn them (figure 4).

Fig. 4 after scraping the dormant jujube trees in the jujube garden in Lincheng County

2.5 White branches

Whitening the branches can not only effectively prevent frost injury and sunburn, but also play a good role in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests remaining on the branches. The suitable concentration is not to flow down and not to stick to the branches. Do not brush the unmelted quicklime onto the tree trunk, otherwise the quicklime will burn the tree trunk by absorbing water and releasing heat. Try to choose a soft brush when brushing.