Technical points of planting Astragalus membranaceus

Technical points of planting Astragalus membranaceus

1. Choose the seed to deal with. Planting high-quality seeds not only has high yield and good quality, but also has strong disease resistance and less diseases and insect pests. The seeds with full, brown and glossy seeds should be selected for sowing. The seed cortex of Astragalus membranaceus is solid and it is not easy to germinate after sowing. In order to improve the germination rate, the seeds of Radix Astragali can be treated by accelerating germination before sowing. Soak the seeds in warm water of 40 ℃ for 12 hours to make the seeds fully absorb water. After the seeds are removed, they are put into sacks to accelerate germination and sow. Or scraping the seed coat with sand can also speed up the germination process. The treated seeds germinated quickly and emerged neatly.

two。 Choose and prepare the land. Astragalus membranaceus is drought-resistant, cold-resistant and afraid of waterlogging, and its main root grows downward. Neutral or slightly alkaline sandy soil or semi-sandy soil with deep soil, strong water permeability and good drainage should be selected, either flat or sunny hillside.

3. Fertilize and turn the land. Astragalus likes fertile soil. Before sowing, 2500-3000 kg of manure and 50 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer are applied per mu. Using the spreading method, the fertilizer is spread evenly on the ground, and the soil is turned more than 30 centimeters deep with large machinery or small tractors, so that the fertilizer and soil are fully mixed. Then level the rake fine and make a bed 1.3 to 1.8 meters wide, so that the drainage is smooth.

4. Sow seeds. Astragalus membranaceus can be directly seeded or raised and transplanted. Generally, spring sowing is carried out in mid-and late-March, and autumn sowing is carried out in mid-and late-October. Using strip sowing, high yield and easy to manage. Before sowing, mixing the seeds with the heavy stubble of traditional Chinese medicine before sowing can increase the yield, enhance the disease resistance of seeds and reduce diseases and insect pests.

5. Field management. (1) Seedling: the seedling ground is generally different, and the direct seeding ground is 5cm to 7cm high, so it is appropriate not to be crowded. If there is a lack of seedlings, the seedlings can be replanted with soil, or the seedlings can be replanted with budding seeds. (2) Intermediate ploughing and weeding: in order to prevent soil consolidation and poor growth of seedlings, soil loosening and weeding should be carried out in the seedling stage of Astragalus membranaceus, mainly to cut the land and prevent injury and roots. (3) topdressing: Astragalus likes fertilizer, 50 kg of superphosphate and 10 kg of urea can be applied in the middle of growth, and fertilization can be applied once in the middle of growth to prevent seedlings from growing roots. Watering after fertilization, pay attention to drainage in the rainy season to prevent lodging and rotting roots. (4) removing flowers: the flowering of Radix Astragali needs to consume a lot of nutrients. If there are no seeds, flowers can be removed to promote root development. Manual flower removal is not only labor-consuming, but also not easy to remove. After field investigation, spraying flower bud inhibitor can inhibit flowering, promote root development, get rid of flowers and increase yield.

6. Economic benefit analysis

6.1. Cost input. (1) seed cost: generally, about 2.5 kilograms of seeds are needed per mu of land, and the seed price is 100 yuan per kilogram and 250 yuan. (2) Land rent: 600 yuan per mu. (3) Fertilizer cost: generally, 2500-3000 kg of mature farm manure and 50 kg of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer are needed per mu, and about 400 yuan per mu. (4) Labor cost: watering, planting, mining, management and other expenses shall be calculated according to 500 yuan per mu. The total cost per mu is about 1750 yuan [Jishan Huayao].

6.2. Income analysis. The dry product per mu of Astragalus membranaceus is 350 ~ 400 kg. At present, the selling price of Radix Astragali is 15 ~ 26 yuan / kg, and the income per mu can reach 5250 to 10400 yuan. excluding the cost, the net income per mu is 3500 to 8650 yuan, and the economic benefit is very considerable. If the growers keep their own seeds, the benefit will be higher.

7. Harvesting and processing

Generally, it can be harvested in spring and autumn, just thawed in the soil in spring and harvested after the leaves withered in autumn, in which the harvest quality is good in autumn, and the best harvest time is after Frosts Descent, with high dry product rate, strong root, good quality and high yield. When harvesting, pay attention to digging the whole root carefully with tools to avoid bruising the skin and cutting off the root. First of all, remove the excavated root from the soil, remove the Reed head while the root is fresh, trim the fibrous root, sun until half dry, and pile it up for 1-2 days; then spread out and dry repeatedly until it is completely dry; finally, the root is straight and tied into small bundles, that is, Radix Astragali medicinal commodities. The product quality is better with thick strip, few wrinkles, yellow-and-white cross-section color, powdery foot and sweet taste.

8. Planting suggestions

Generally, in the actual production, interplanting can be made in the middle of the astragalus forest, but astragalus should keep a distance of 30cm to 50cm from the interplanting plants, so as not to hurt the roots during harvest. In addition, astragalus seeds can be mixed with rape, flax or buckwheat seeds. Due to the emergence and rapid growth of rape or flax, Radix Astragali can grow alone for a period of time after harvest, which can not only reduce weeds, but also improve land utilization.