Key techniques for planting new varieties of raspberry in Fuxin

Key techniques for planting new varieties of raspberry in Fuxin

1 Variety selection

At present, the main raspberry varieties cultivated in Fuxin are Ferdod, Veramie, Mick and so on. In order to promote variety renewal, Qiuping, Qiufu and Jinqiu were introduced in early 2016.

Three new varieties of high quality raspberries.

2 Garden site selection and soil treatment

Raspberry orchards should choose gardens with convenient transportation, high terrain, good soil permeability, fertile soil, organic matter content of not less than 2%, and irrigation conditions. In order to build a garden on flat land, we should choose the area with good drainage. If we choose to build a garden in the mountain area, the slope should be 5 °~ 8 °, and the hillside [Jishan Huayao] whose soil depth is not less than 40 cm and leeward to the sun should be selected.

According to the characteristics of the relatively barren sandy land in Fuxin, the conditional raspberry orchard can improve the soil before planting. Before freezing in the autumn of the year before planting, the raspberry orchard should be evenly applied with rotten farm manure and garden soil, rotten farm manure 3000 ~ 6000 kg in 667 m2, and then turn the soil deeply, pour enough frozen water before freezing, prepare the soil after the beginning of spring in the second year, and plant raspberry [Jishan Hua Yao].

3. Set up shelterbelt.

Due to the heavy wind and sand in Fuxin in spring, especially in the period of raspberry flowering and pollination, excessive wind has a certain impact on pollination and fertilization. Therefore, it is recommended to set up protective forest in conditional raspberry orchard. The shelterbelt is generally set up according to the size of the raspberry garden, the main forest belt is perpendicular to the main wind direction, 4-6 rows of tall trees are planted, and two or three rows of small shrubs can be planted on the inside.

4 planting period

Raspberries can be planted in spring, summer and autumn, but considering the climatic conditions in Fuxin, it is generally recommended that raspberries should be planted in spring, from mid-April to early May.

5 Seedling selection

It is suggested that the virus-free seedlings of tissue culture should be used in production, with neat seedlings, exuberant growth, strong resistance and relatively high survival rate. Secondly, the root tiller seedlings with good height, thickness, root system and relatively uniform growth can be selected. generally, the height of root tiller seedlings is more than 30 cm, has more than 5 lateral roots, and the length is not less than 15 cm.

(6) planting methods and methods

The double-row planting with large ridge was used to protect more than 440 seedlings with a row spacing of 0.5 m × 3.0 m and a row spacing of 0.5 m × 2.0 m, and 667 plants were planted in 667 m2. The cultivation method of raspberry can be single-plant method or strip method, and it is suggested that single-plant method should be adopted in Fuxin city. In the single plant method, two or three seedlings were planted in each planting hole, and about 15 branches were left in each cluster.

Immediately pour water after planting, seal the hole in time after the water seeps completely, and irrigate again 2 ~ 4 days after planting. When the soil is slightly dry, the soil should be deeply loosened in time.

7 soil, fertilizer and water management

Before the establishment of the garden, combined with cold prevention and deep ploughing, farm manure was applied to improve the soil and increase the content of soil organic matter. As the plant grows up gradually, the raspberry orchard is not suitable for interplanting crops, it is necessary to loosen the soil and weed in time, loosen the soil four or five times in the early growth stage, and the soil depth is about 10 cm. The weeds and unnecessary tillers that appear at any time should be removed in time. Raspberry is a fruit tree variety with relatively high and stable yield, so it consumes more nutrients. Under normal circumstances, topdressing is required for 4 times in a growing season. The first time before sprouting in the first ten days of April, topdressing was mainly nitrogen fertilizer, the second time in the vigorous growth period of new shoots, nitrogen fertilizer was still used, the third time before flowering, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer was mainly used, and the fourth time combined with winter cold prevention, mature farm manure was applied. Each fertilization must be combined with irrigation.

There must be watering conditions for the development of raspberry production in Fuxin. Budding period, flowering stage, fruit expansion period, cold-proof and frozen water are the four irrigation periods of raspberry. In addition, water should be irrigated once after cold prevention and withdrawal, and the rest should be flexibly controlled according to natural precipitation and soil moisture conditions.

8 shaping and pruning

Plastic surgery includes binding of branches, soft raspberry branches, especially easy to bend and sag after bearing fruit, dirty berries and lead to rot, affecting yield and fruit quality, and timely binding of raspberry branches. The principle is to ensure that the drooping branches do not hide light from each other, good ventilation and light conditions, convenient for field management and fruit picking. The summer fruit type raspberry was pruned 4 times during the growing period, and the autumn fruit type was pruned twice. After the soil was removed in late April for the first time, the diseased branches and withered branches were removed, and the healthy branches were cut and kept about 150 cm, which were tied to the shelf; the second time, at the end of May and the beginning of June, the summer fruit type removed the branches that bear fruit less than 30 cm above the ground to ensure ventilation and light; the third time, from late July to early August, all the fruit branches of the second year were removed. The fourth time in mid-late October, pruning before cold protection, the dry part of the top was cut off, leaving about 180 cm.

9 Prevention and control of diseases and pests

The main diseases and insect pests of raspberry in Fuxin city are gray mold, stem rot, gray spot, root cancer and beetle, etc. in the aspect of prevention and control, adhere to the guiding ideology of "prevention first, control as a supplement, biological control as the main, pesticide control as a supplement". Cut off diseased branches, leaves and fruits in time, clear the garden in time, increase organic fertilizer, reasonable pruning, scientific flower and fruit thinning, reasonable load, enhance tree potential; use insect-proof lights, color trapping boards, sugar and vinegar and other physical methods to trap and kill beetles, leaf rollers and other pests.