Cultivation Techniques of Sanhong Pomelo in Danzhou City

Cultivation techniques of Sanhong honey pomelo in Danzhou City

Sanhong honey pomelo (Minsuguo 2013004) is a new variety that bud changes again after Guanxi honey pomelo bud becomes red flesh honey pomelo. It belongs to a series of varieties of Guanxi honey pomelo. Sanhong honey pomelo, as a variety formed by two bud mutations, has better quality, soft pulp juice, sweet and palatable, higher lycopene and β-carotene content, higher nutritional value and better health care effect than red flesh honey pomelo. It has strong market competitiveness and development prospects [1-2].

1 performance of introduction

1.1 growth characteristics: the young trees of Sanhong honey pomelo are erect, the trees are strong, the adult trees are half-open, the crown is semicircular head-shaped, and the leaves are large and thick green and smooth. Danzhou Forestry Science Institute was introduced and planted in September 2014, and a survey in August 2017 showed that the height, crown width and trunk week of three-year-old trees were 245-255 cm, 265-285 cm and 27-30 cm, respectively.

1.2 flowering and fruiting habits of Sanhong honey pomelo planted in Danzhou area, the inflorescence began to grow in early February, the buds began to show white in the middle of February, the flowering period was in early March, the flowering period was in late March, and the final flowering was in early April. The fruit expansion period is from April to August, and the fruit reaches maturity in the middle and late August.

1.3 Fruit quality traits Sanhong honey pomelo fruit is large, Obovate, fruit shape index 0.93, single fruit weight 1 430 ~ 1 810 g, pulp purplish red, spongy layer lavender red, specially bagged, exocarp is light purplish red when the fruit is ripe. The juice of the fruit is rich in dregs, sour and sweet.

2 general situation of planting experimental sites

The experimental site is located in Dacipo, the third team of wooden platoon hot farm in Danzhou City, with geographical coordinates of 19 °54'N and 109 °66'E. It is located on a gentle slope with a slope of 5 °~ 8 °and an altitude of 162 m. It belongs to tropical monsoon climate with distinct dry and wet seasons. October is the wet season, and November to April is the dry season. The effective accumulated temperature of ≥ 10 ℃ is 8 500 ~ 9 200 ℃, the annual sunshine time is 2 100 h, and the average annual rainfall is 1 807.7 mm.

3 cultivation techniques

Introduction and cultivation of seedlings in June 2014, Danzhou Forestry Science Research Institute introduced biennial grafted seedlings from Fuqing, Fujian Province, and rebagged them in the indemnificatory nursery of the Forestry Institute to strengthen water and fertilizer management and pest control. After nearly 3 months of cultivation in the seedling greenhouse, the seedlings were restored. After seedling refining, robust seedlings with a ground diameter of 1.5 ~ 2.0 cm and a height of 70 ~ 90 cm were selected for planting out of the nursery.

3.2 choose the new pomelo orchard should choose the land with convenient transportation and good natural conditions, and usually choose the gentle slope land with deep soil layer, fertile soil layer and convenient drainage and irrigation. It is suitable to choose red loam or sandy loam with organic matter content more than 1.5% and soil pH value of 5.5 ~ 6.5.

3.3 planting density depends on the topography, the row spacing on the hillside is 3.5 m × 4 m, with 47 plants per 667 m2, and the flat field is 4 m × 4 m with 42 plants per 667 m2.

3.4 the mountain weeds are cut down and stacked in the basic garden; the methods of land preparation include full reclamation, strip reclamation and hole reclamation; horizontal planting lines are drawn according to the row spacing of grapefruit; the planting hole specification is 80 cm × 80 cm × 80 cm; to dig and backfill, and the surface soil and core soil are separated and placed when digging the pit.

3.The planting time is September 20, 2014, with an area of 0.66 hm2, 42 plants per 667m2, a total of 420 plants. When planting, dig a small hole in the center of the mound, put the seedlings into the hole; this time the seedlings are nutrition bag seedlings, bag seedlings should be removed, but should be handled gently to prevent the root soil ball from loosening.

3.6 soil fertilizer is used to manage the fertilization of young trees, and fertilization can be started after the seedlings have survived for one month. Fertilization in the first year: we should grasp the principle of giving consideration to both fertilizer and water, thin fertilizer and diligent application. The water can be drenched with rotten fecal water or biogas water, or 0.3% urea or compound fertilizer can be applied, 5 kg; per plant or 100-150g of urea or compound fertilizer after rain. With the growth of young trees, gradually increase the concentration and amount of fertilizer [Jishan Huayao].

3.7After planting, the seedlings were cut and dried at 30 ~ 40 cm above the grafting interface (40 ~ 50 cm above the ground). After tapping, three or four new shoots with strong growth, uniform distribution and a certain interval between each other were selected as the main branches, and the rest were erased. When the top of each main branch continues to extend to about 40 cm, pick the heart and hit the top in time. Two or three strong branches with appropriate positions on each main branch are selected as secondary main branches.

3.8 thinning is used in reasonable pruning, "no pruning, no internal pruning, no straight pruning, no sloping". Pruning time: young pomelo trees are generally pruned twice, that is, summer pruning and winter pruning; results pomelo trees are generally pruned three times, that is, spring pruning, summer pruning and winter pruning, spring pruning in March, summer pruning in May and July, and winter pruning in late October and early December.

3.9 Grass cover cultivation after planting in this experimental site, let the natural growth of benign weed vegetation cover the orchard, artificial combination of loose soil to eradicate malignant weeds, when the weed grows to about 40 cm, the machine is used to mow the grass. Every year, mechanical cutting or combined with shallow ploughing to improve soil fertility and shovel four or five times to return weeds to garden soil; after 3 consecutive years, the garden soil water and fertilizer conservation, organic matter content and so on have been improved. Persist for a long time, fertilize the orchard and effectively reduce the pollution of pesticides and chemical fertilizers in the orchard, so as to ensure the ecological safety of the orchard.

3.10 the main diseases of pest control are canker, anthrax, scab, etc., and the main pests are leaf moth, aphids, shell insects, butterfly larvae and so on. After doing a good job in agricultural measures such as scientific fertilization and rational drainage and irrigation, we should focus on the comprehensive control of diseases and pests in drug control, and advocate alternating rotation and mixed use of pesticides for both diseases and insect pests, so as to slow down the emergence of drug resistance and effectively control the damage of diseases and insect pests. Achieve the effect of getting twice the result with half the effort.