High-yield cultivation techniques under Artemisia angustifolia

High-yield cultivation techniques under Artemisia angustifolia

Artemisia angustifolia is a perennial herb, which is a precious medicinal plant, mainly distributed in Hebei, Henan, Shandong, Anhui, Hunan and other places in China, mostly born in valleys, riverbanks, thickets, grasslands, wasteland and forests above sea level of 50-1200 meters. The bulbous tuber of Tiannanxing has very high medicinal value, has the function of dispelling wind and dispelling shock, resolving phlegm and dispersing phlegm, and has high economic value and development prospect. Nowadays, there are fewer and fewer wild resources. In order to explore the planting technology under the forest, the author selected the local wild provenance in the southwest of Hunan Province, made full use of the space under the forest, adopted the advanced pure ecological high-yield cultivation technology, and planted Artemisia angustifolia under the forest with canopy density of 0.4-0.7. Fertilization and non-fertilization treatments were adopted to test the effects on the growth and yield of Artemisia angustifolia.

General situation of the experimental area

The experimental area is located in Yanjing Village, Tangjiafang Town, Suining County, Hunan Province. The experimental area is located in the middle and lower part of the hillside with an altitude of 800m to 1000m, with convenient transportation and canopy density of more than 0.6. it is a mid-subtropical monsoon humid climate zone with a long warm period and a short cold period. the annual average temperature is 17.5 ℃, the frost-free period is 256-289 days, the annual sunshine hours are 1782-1875 hours, and the annual average precipitation is 14500-16800 mm, 67% of which are concentrated in April and October. The soil in the experimental area is yellow soil developed from slate, the soil layer is deep, the PH value is 5: 6, and the soil fertility is medium.

Material selection

The local wild Artemisia angustifolia was used as the experimental material to select the excellent tuber segments with strong growth and no diseases and insect pests. The experimental site selected two woodlands under the same conditions, both with an area of 2000 square meters, with a sea level of 800m, sandy loam with moist soil and good drainage, and a forest space with canopy density of 0.4 to 0.7. The experiment of under-forest cultivation of Rhizoma Corydalis was carried out by using two treatment methods of pure natural and artificial high-yield cultivation.

Planting management technology

Soil preparation and soil treatment. The land preparation shall be carried out in a strip and complete reclamation. Open the ladder belt horizontally along the contour line according to the row spacing, the outside is high and the inside is low, the bandwidth is about 1.0 meters, and the border surface is shaped like a tortoise. The drainage ditch is 30 cm deep and 20 cm wide, and removes weeds, small stones and other debris at the same time. Dig 20 centimeters deep.

On the excavated banded woodland, 2500 kg of rotten stable manure or compost was applied to the excavated banded woodland, turned into the soil as base fertilizer, reclaimed and mixed well once or twice before planting, and dug holes according to the row spacing of 15 × 30 cm to sow seeds.

Planting time. The sowing time is from November to December of the same year. When the ground temperature is stable at 8 degrees, soak the seed stem of Artemisia angustifolia 15 days in advance to accelerate germination (or sow directly without accelerating germination), and cover with plastic film after sowing (or not).

Planting method. First of all, after fertilizing and ploughing the soil, the soil will be made into a high bed 100 cm wide for sowing. Secondly, cut the big seed stem of Tiannanxing into a separate seed stem with a knife. When cutting with a knife, make sure that each cut seed stem has a bud eye. Treat the wound with plant ash, and then sow the seeds, which cannot be placed for a long time. Finally, sow a seed stem in each hole, the seed stem is 30 cm apart, the plant spacing is 15 cm, and the depth is 5 cm. After sowing, the soil cover is level with the ground.

Woodland management. Forest land management is carried out after planting to create favorable environmental conditions for the growth of Artemisia angustifolia, in order to meet the requirements of fertilizer and water for the growth and development of Artemisia angustifolia, which is a key measure to ensure high and stable yield.

Soil, fertilizer and water management. When the seedling height is about 6 cm, the first loosening soil and weeding should be shallow rather than deep, as long as the topsoil is loosened, ecological organic fertilizer is applied after hoing, 30 kg is applied every 667 square meters, the second loosening soil and weeding is about July, the loosening soil can be properly deepened, dung fertilizer is applied in ditches between rows, 1500000 kg is applied every 667 square meters. When the temperature is high, water frequently, keep enough moisture, the soil is wet, pay attention to drainage in the rainy season to prevent stagnant water.

Replanting. It is found that missing and diseased plants should be replanted with strong seedlings of the same age, and management should be strengthened to ensure the balanced growth of replanting seedlings and woodland seedlings.

Pick flowers. For the unplanted land, in order to reduce the nutrient consumption and increase the yield, the spike of Nanxing meat was cut off as soon as possible when the spike was extracted from the sheath bract from May to June.

Pest control. Give priority to biological control to improve the ability of disease resistance and insect resistance. When virus disease occurs in Tiannanxing, yellow irregular disease spots will appear on the leaves, and the leaves will be deformed, wrinkled, curled, deformed and other symptoms, resulting in poor plant growth and leaf death in the later stage. Control methods: select disease-resistant varieties to plant; increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to enhance the plant's own disease resistance; make full use of biological control techniques and use viruses to control virus diseases; red diamondback moth and red spiders are common pests in Tiannanxing, which are mainly controlled by artificial physical methods to cultivate natural enemies of pests and reduce insect pests.

Mining and processing. Harvest from late September to early October. Dig up the tubers on a sunny day, remove the soil and fibrous roots, put them in the basket, wash them repeatedly in water, scrape off the epidermis with a knife and dry.

Except for the experimental sites without fertilization, other management technical measures are the same [Jishan Huayao].

The practice shows that planting Artemisia angustifolia under the forest with canopy density of 0.4-0.7 in the zonal climate zone similar to Suining County, 2-year-old, no fertilization, 0.4 kg per square meter, 0.6 kg per square meter, 3-year-old, 0.7 kg per square meter without fertilization. 1.12 kg per square meter.

Artemisia angustifolia is planted under the forest in mountainous area, and the fine management technology of woodland is the key to high and stable yield. Planting Artemisia angustifolia under the forest has the advantages of good effect, less diseases and insect pests, high medicinal composition and good quality, and the yield of fertilization is 30% higher than that of non-fertilization. Pure ecological planting under the forest ensures the medicinal quality of Tiannanxing.

The bulbous tuber of Tiannanxing has very high medicinal value, has the function of dispelling wind and dispelling shock, resolving phlegm and dispersing phlegm, and has high economic value and development prospect.