Facility system Construction and Nutrition Management of Organic Ecological soilless cultivation

Facility system Construction and Nutrition Management of Organic Ecological soilless cultivation

1 construction of facility system

The organic ecotype soilless culture system adopts the form of substrate trough culture. When there are no standard finished product grooves, locally available materials can be used to build grooves, such as planks, strips, bamboo poles, or even bricks. In fact, only the frame of the grooves without bottom is built, so it does not need to be particularly strong, as long as the matrix is not scattered on the aisle. After the trough frame is built, lay a layer of 0.1 mm thick polyethylene plastic film on the bottom of the trough to prevent the spread of soil diseases and pests. The frame of the trough is 15-20 cm high, and the width of the trough depends on different cultivated crops, such as cucumbers, melons and other vine-stem crops or tomato and other crops with tall plants, the standard width of the trough is set at 48 cm, which can be used for the cultivation of two rows of crops, with a spacing of 0.6-1 m. For short crops such as lettuce, rape and strawberries, the width of the cultivation trough can be 72 or 96 cm, the distance between the cultivation grooves is 0.5-0.8 meters, and the length of the trough should be determined according to the building condition of the protected shed, generally 5-30 meters. Under the condition of tap water infrastructure or water level difference of more than 1 meter, an independent water supply system is built with a single shed. The cultivation trough is 48 cm wide, 1-2 drip irrigation belts can be laid, 72-96 cm wide, and 2-4 drip irrigation belts can be laid.

2Nutrition management

The fertilizer supply of organic ecotype soilless culture takes N, P and K as the main index. The fertilizer applied in each cubic meter of substrate should contain: total nitrogen (N) 1.5-2.0kg, total phosphorus (P2O5) 0.50.8kg, total potassium (K2O) 0.82.4kg. This level of fertilizer supply is enough to yield 8000kg to 10000 kg per mu of tomato. In order to be in the best state of fertilizer supply during the whole growth period of crops, fertilizers are usually applied in stages according to the types of crops and the fertilizers applied. Before filling the substrate into the cultivation tank or after the previous crop is harvested, and before the subsequent crop is planted, a certain amount of fertilizer should be mixed into the substrate as base fertilizer, so that fruits and vegetables such as tomatoes and cucumbers do not need to be fertilized within 20 days after planting, only need to be watered, and fertilized every 10 to 15 days after 20 days, scattered evenly around 5 centimeters away from the root. The ratio of base fertilizer to topdressing is 25 ∶ 75 to 60 ∶ 40. The amount of topdressing per cubic meter of substrate is as follows: total nitrogen (N) 80,150g, total phosphorus (P2O5) 30g, total potassium (K2O) 50g, 180g. The number of topdressing depends on the length of the growing period of the crop. [Jishan Huayao]