Cultivation and management of organic ecological soilless cultivation

Cultivation and management of organic ecological soilless cultivation

1. Raising seedlings of organic ecological soilless culture.

(1) Variety selection

Select vegetable varieties with high quality, disease resistance, high yield, resistance to storage and transportation, good merchandise and suitable for market demand.

(2) raising seedlings

The seedling raising method of organic ecological soilless cultivation is basically the same as that of soilless cultivation in solar greenhouse.

2. Cultivation and management of organic ecological soilless cultivation.

(1) preparation before planting

Before planting, the cultivation trough and drip irrigation system are installed in advance, the cultivation substrate is evenly mixed in proportion, and the fully mature substrate is filled into the cultivation trough one or half a month in advance, poured thoroughly with water, so that the water content of the substrate exceeds 80%, and the plastic film is covered. Arrange the greenhouse, spray the frame material with 1% potassium permanganate, seal the greenhouse for high temperature disinfection, open the greenhouse 2 days in advance of the planting period, remove the plastic film, and evenly sprinkle the special fertilizer on the surface of the substrate according to the amount of 10-15 kg per cubic meter. and use tools such as a spade to mix the matrix and fertilizer, and pour the substrate into water again.

(2) colonization

After sowing, the planting time is determined according to the different crops, which is generally planted in 25-50 days, using double-row dislocation planting method, and the plant spacing depends on the crop. And keep the base of the plant about 10cm from the inner diameter of the cultivation trough to the first true leaf node. Immediately after planting, irrigate the planting water.

(3) Post-planting management

Water management. Water management is one of the key technologies for high yield in organic ecotype soilless cultivation, but it has some experience, which should be flexibly mastered according to the changes of plant condition, temperature and humidity of substrate, weather, season and climate. Generally, watering begins 3-5 days after planting, 10 minutes every 3-5 days, watering in sunny morning, not watering in cloudy days, watering every 1-2 days after flowering and setting fruit, 10-15 minutes each time, checking the moisture condition every three days, always keeping the slag on the surface of the substrate black, not whitening, and no water in the tank.

Nutrient management. According to the changes of nutrients in the substrate, in order to ensure that the plant is in the best fertilizer supply environment during the whole growth period, the nutrient supply is applied in a small number of times and applied in stages. Topdressing began 20 days after planting, the dosage was 12 grams per plant, and then every 10 days; in autumn and winter, when the plant began to grow slowly, it could be adjusted to 15 days; after the improvement of environmental conditions in spring, topdressing was restored every 10 days; topdressing was stopped one month before pulling seedlings (when entering the peak fruiting period, each plant could be increased to 25 grams). Plant adjustment. The method is the same as that of soil cultivation.

Temperature adjustment. According to the growth and development characteristics of different crops, the temperature was adjusted by uncovering the grass curtain and letting out the air. After planting, the temperature should be kept at 20-30 ℃ during the day and 12-15 ℃ at night, and the temperature of the substrate should be kept at 15-20 ℃ to prevent excessive growth of seedlings. After fruit setting, it was kept at 25-30 ℃ during the day and 12-15 ℃ at night.

Light adjustment. Most vegetable crops are light-loving crops, which require high light conditions, normal growth and development require 3-35000 Lx light, and the light transmittance of the greenhouse is more than 60%. The lighting time should be prolonged by opening the grass curtain, and the reflective curtain should be hung in the full fruit period to increase the light.

Humidity adjustment. In order to prevent excessive humidity, comprehensive measures such as reducing watering times and ventilation were taken to reduce the air humidity in the greenhouse in autumn and winter, and film was laid in the aisle between the cultivation grooves.

4. Pest control

Greenhouse melons and vegetables are white whitefly, Liriomyza huidobrensis, cotton bollworm, aphids, red spiders; the main diseases are blight, sudden fall, Fusarium wilt, early blight, late blight, canker, Verticillium wilt, downy mildew, gray mold, virus, leaf mildew, blight, anthracnose and so on. With reference to the technical regulations for the production of pollution-free melons and vegetables in high-efficiency and energy-saving solar greenhouse formulated by Jiuquan City, disease-resistant varieties, isolation of insect control nets, trapping and killing of attractants, silver ash film to avoid aphids, environmental control, cultivation measures, sulfur fumigation and other means should be selected, supplemented by chemical control to carry out comprehensive control.