What are the classifications of ornamental peony varieties?

What are the classifications of ornamental peony varieties?

The peony flower is colorful and magnificent, and is known as the "king of flowers". At the same time, because the peony flower is large and fragrant, it is also known as "national color and Tianxiang". There are thousands of peony varieties in China. These cultivated varieties can be classified according to plant type, flower color, petal shape, leaf shape, root type, etc., and the classification according to plant type, flower color, petal shape and so on is the most common. There are many varieties and colors of peony, with yellow, green, flesh red, deep red and silver red as the top grade, especially yellow and green as the most expensive, among which Yao Huang, Wei Zi, bean green and Zhao Fan are known as the four famous products. Below, peony varieties are classified according to plant type, petal shape and flower color.

1. Classification according to plant type

(1) upright type

The branches are upright and tall, the distribution is compact, the unfolding angle is small, and the angle between the branch and the vertical line is less than 30 °. The internodes are longer, and the annual growth of new branches is 10-15 cm. Generally, the height of five-year-old plants is 40-50 cm, and the height is more than 1 m. Such as' first case Red', 'Purple Erqiao', 'Yao Huang' and so on.

Yao Huang

(2) dispersing type

Most of the branches spread in all directions, and the plant width is larger than the plant height, forming a low and unfolded plant shape. the angle between the branch and the vertical line is more than 45 °, and the new branch is longer and softer. Such as' Zhao Fan', 'Shouzhong Hong', 'Mountain Flower in full bloom', 'Qinglong Wo Mochi' and so on.

Zhao Fan

(3) solo type

Most of them are artificially cultivated artistic shapes, with obvious trunks, ranging from height to height, usually 20 to 80 centimeters. There are several branches on the trunk to form a crown (some without a crown), the shape is quaint, similar to bonsai, the growth is slow, the general forming period takes more than 8 years. Such as' 18th 'and so on.

The eighteenth

(4) Open type

The branches grow sturdy and straight, extending obliquely in all directions, and the angle is between the above two. The plant shape is perfect and correct, the height is moderate, the annual growth of new branches is 6-8 cm, and the height of five-year-old plants is generally 30-40 cm. Such as' champion Hong', 'silver-red skillful pair', 'Jinyu Jiaozhang' and so on.

(5) Dwarf type

The growth of branches is slow, the internodes are short and the leaves are dense, and the distribution of branches is compact and short. The annual growth of new branches is 2-4 cm, and the height of five-year-old plants is about 15 cm. Such as' Beauty Red', 'Luohan Red', 'Haiyun Purple' and so on.

2. Classification according to flower pattern

According to the flower type, peony can be divided into 10 types, such as single petal type, lotus type, chrysanthemum type, rose type, Gui type, golden ring type, crown type, hydrangea type, thousand-storey cabinet type, Laozi cabinet type and so on.

(1) Lotus type

The petals are 4-5 whorls and 20-25 petals, with wide petals, similar shape and size, clear arrangement, normal pistil development and strong fruiting ability, but some varieties occasionally have stamen or pistil stigma petalization. This kind of flower pattern is represented by 'like lotus', 'Jinyunhong', 'jade board white' and so on.

Like a lotus

(2) single valve type

Petals 2-3 whorls, 10-15, broad and spreading, stamens 200-300, pistils 4-6, male and pistil normal development, strong fruiting ability. This kind of flower pattern is represented by 'opium purple', 'garnet red', 'Fengdanbai' and so on.

(3) Crown type

The outer petals are 2-5 whorls, broad and spreading, and most or all of the stamens turn into fine crinkle petals, which are towering in the shape of a crown. The inner petals are arranged irregularly, the normal stamens or degenerated stamens are often mixed between the petals, and the anthers are often retained between the petals; the pistil degenerated or petalized, occasionally fruiting. This kind of flower pattern is represented by 'Lantian jade','Hu Hong', 'Yao Huang', 'first case Hong' and so on.

Hu Hong

(4) Chrysanthemum type

More than 6 rounds of petals, petals similar in shape, neatly arranged, hierarchical, gradually smaller from outside to inside, and occasionally petalized, 5-11 pistils, normal growth or degeneration. Some varieties have the phenomenon of petalization of stigma and poor knot strength. this kind of flower pattern is represented by 'rose red', 'smile in the clump', 'silver red Qiao pair', 'Jinpao Hong' and so on.

Laugh in the cluster

(5) Hydrangea type

The stamens are fully petalized, the inner and outer petals are similar in shape and size, crowded and bulging, and the pistil is basically or completely degenerated or petalized, without fruiting ability. This kind of flower pattern is represented by 'bean green', 'green fragrance ball', 'Xueying Zhaoxia' and so on.

(6) Rose type

The petals are many-wheeled, the petals gradually become smaller from the outside to the inside, the stamens part of the petals become normal petals, the pistil degenerates or petals, and the knot strength is poor. This kind of flower pattern is represented by 'Zierqiao', 'Wujin Yaohui', 'Hongxia Zhenghui' and so on.

(7) Golden ring type

The outer petals are 2-3 whorls, broad and spreading, part of the stamen petals in the center of the flower turn into long and narrow erect petals, a circle of normal stamens into a golden ring between the central petals and the outer petals, the pistil is normal or slightly petalized, and the knot strength is poor. This kind of flower pattern is very few, represented by 'Bai Tiane', 'Junyanhong', 'pink peach blossom', 'jade beauty' and so on.

(8) Tuogui type

The outer petals are 2-5 whorls, broad and neat, part of the stamen petals turn into slender petals, there are often anther or anther traces at the end of the petals, there are normal stamens between the petals, the arrangement is irregular and sparse, and the pistil is normal or slightly petalized, with knot strength. This kind of flower pattern is represented by 'lady's dress', 'Jiaohong', 'Xian E', 'Sanyuan Saiyu' and so on.

(9) Laozi platform cabinet type

The lower stamens petalized more fully, which was similar to the normal petals, and the pistil petals turned into normal petals or color petals; the upper petals were slightly larger and less, and the stamens almost all petalized or degenerated; the pistil petals turned into normal petals or color petals, and some varieties degenerated and disappeared. This kind of flower pattern is represented by 'Red Dragon Huancai', 'Shengdan stove', 'Yulou Diancui', 'Zizhonglou' and other varieties.

(10) Thousand-storey cabinet type

The lower petals are more than 4 wheels, the petals are neatly arranged and similar in shape, and there are no stamens and degenerated stamens between the petals. Stamens normal and few, or occasionally petalized, pistil degenerated or petalized; upper petals less, spreading or erect, stamens less and smaller, pistil degenerated or petalized. This kind of flower pattern is represented by 'Ling Hua Zhanlu', 'Zhihong', 'Shouxinghong' and so on.

Third, classify by color

Peony is rich in flowers and colors, such as red, orange, yellow, green, cyan, blue, purple and purplish red, pink, white, black and complex colors, which are usually divided into the following nine categories:

(1) polychromatic class

Representative species are'er Qiao', 'assorted', 'Jiao Rong San Chan', 'Douyan', 'Sai Yu', 'agate lotus', 'colorful butterfly', 'flower butterfly' and so on.

Er Qiao

1. Erqiao, also known as Luoyang brocade, is the traditional treasure of Luoyang peony and ranks first in the complex color system. Deciduous shrubs. The plant can be up to 2 meters tall and erect. Branches slender and stiff, internodes longer; medium-sized round leaves, usually 2-Ternate, surface green, glabrous, abaxially light green, sometimes powdery. Flowers solitary; branches apical, bracts 5, long elliptic, unequal in size; sepals 5, green, broadly ovate, unequal in size. Flowers rose-shaped, buds flat round, flowers complex, the same plant, the same branch can open purple and pink flowers; the same flower can also be embedded purple and pink, bright colors.

(2) Green category

Represents a kind of 'bean green', 'green fragrance ball', 'spring water green wave', 'green jade' and so on.

1. One of the four famous products of 'bean green' peony, the growth potential, high flowering rate, sprouting branches. Deciduous shrubs. Stems to 2 m tall; branches short and thick. Leaves usually 2-Ternate, terminal leaflet broadly ovate, surface green, glabrous, abaxially light green, sometimes powdery, sparsely pubescent or subglabrous along veins. Flowers solitary branches apical, bracts 5, long elliptic, unequal in size; sepals 5, green, broadly ovate, unequal in size; flowers double, crown or hydrangea. Buds round, tip often dehiscent; flowers yellowish green, tip irregularly wavy; filaments distally white, anthers oblong, disk leathery, cup-shaped, purplish red; flowering May; fruiting June.

Bean green

(3) Yellow category

The representative species are 'Yao Huang', 'Jingui fragrance', 'Jade Gui Ying Yue', 'Huanghua Kui', 'Jinyu Jiaozhang', 'Imperial clothes Yellow' and so on.

1. 'Yao Huang'(see photo) one of the four famous peonies was produced by Yao Chong, prime minister of the Tang Dynasty. It is a medium flower variety with strong growth, high flowering rate, neat flowering and plump flowers. The ancients are known as the "King of Flowers". It is a deciduous shrub with erect plant shape, thin and hard branches and short and thick branches. Leaves usually 2-Ternate, terminal leaflet broadly ovate, surface green, glabrous, abaxially light green, sometimes powdery. Flowers solitary branches apical, bracts 5, long elliptic, unequal in size; sepals 5, green, broadly ovate, unequal in size; flowers crown-shaped, sometimes golden ring. Buds rounded, tips often dehiscent; flowers yellowish; filaments distally white, anthers oblong, disk leathery, cup-shaped, purplish red florescence in May; fruiting in June.

(4) Ink purple

Represents a kind of 'Qinglong lying ink pool', 'crown black jade', 'smoke velvet purple', 'ink tower Zenghui', 'Wujin Yaohui', 'black flower kui' and so on.

1. 'Qinglong lying Ink Pool'is a famous peony. Deciduous shrubs, clumps of plants, luxuriant branches. The leaves are fat and round, thick, leaflets ovate, less notched and obtuse. The leaves are green with purple halo. Light ink purple flowers, Gui type, sometimes crown type. The base color is obviously deepened, broad, round two-wheeled outer petals surround the fine crushed and curled inner petals, the central pistil petals turn into turquoise, and the narrow, rolling petals are surrounded by ink-purple multi-layer petals, like a green dragon plate lying in the middle of the ink pool, so it is called Azure Dragon lying in the ink pool. The ornamental value is high, the growth is exuberant, the flower is many.

Azure Dragon lies in the ink pool

two。 'Guanshi Moyu 'has the laudatory name of "the head of black flowers". Zhonghua variety. The plant shape is high and compact, with few branches, erect and few sprouting branches. The branches are stout, the annual branches are short, light purple, and the internodes are short. The scale buds are large and rounded. Medium-sized round leaves, thick and soft, dense; total petiole about 11 cm long, thick and soft; leaflets ovate, notched, tip mucronate, pendulous, rough, dark green. In the growth potential, the flowering rate is high, crown type, sometimes hanging type. Buds rounded-pointed; ink purple, glossy; flower diameter 17 cm × 8 cm. Outer lobe 3-4 whorled, hard, with ink spots at base; inner ones folded, dense, intervalved with a small number of stamens; pistil degenerated or petalized.

Crown black jade

(5) Pink

Representative species are Zhao Fan, Lu Fan, Fan Zhong Guan, Peach Blossom Feixue, Guifei Cui, Xueying Peach Blossom, Nephrite Wenxiang, Lady makeup, Powder Lotus floating River, Silver scale Bizhu, Sheng Dan Furnace, Azure Dragon lying Powder Pool and so on.

1. Zhao Fan is one of the four famous peonies. Deciduous shrubs. The plant type is medium to high, developing. The branches are short and thick, the branches are soft and curved, the annual branches are long and light green. Leaves usually 2-Ternate, terminal leaflet broadly ovate, surface green, glabrous, abaxially light green, sometimes powdery, sparsely pubescent or subglabrous along veins. Flowers solitary branches apical, bracts 5, long elliptic, unequal in size; sepals 5, green, broadly ovate, varying in size; petals double, crown-shaped, sometimes lotus-shaped, golden ring-shaped or cinnamon-shaped. The buds are large, rounded and pollen-colored. Filaments white distally, anthers oblong, disk leathery, cup-shaped, purplish red; flowering in May; fruiting in June.

(6) White category

Representative species are pear snow, noctilucent white, Jingyu, fragrant jade, Venus snow wave, glass crown bead, snow tower, white jade, snow cinnamon, Kunshan luminous light, jade building point Cui, jade board white, snow lotus, crystal white, white crane feather, wind Dan white, crystal ball, wind Dan white, jade board white, fragrant white and so on.

1. Pear snow deciduous shrub, short, spreading. The branch is thin and weak. Leaves usually 2-Ternate, terminal leaflet broadly ovate, surface green, glabrous, abaxially light green, sometimes powdery, sparsely pubescent or subglabrous along veins. Flowers solitary; branches apical, bracts 5, long elliptic, unequal in size; sepals 5, green, broadly ovate, unequal in size; flowers crown. Buds oblong; flowers white; anthers oblong, disk leathery, cup-shaped, purplish red; carpels 5, densely pilose. Flowering in May; fruiting in June.

Pear flower snow

(7) Pink blue (purple)

Representative species are drunken Yang Fei, Lantian Jade, Purple Lankui, Sapphire, Ling Hua Zhanlu, drooping Blue, cinnabar Base, embroidered Peach Blossom, Rain scenery, Color painting, Big Blue, like Lotus, Blue Furong, Luhe Red and so on.

1. Drunken Yangfei peony valuable variety, deciduous shrubs, new branches green purple halo, branches short and thick. The bud is in the shape of a round tip. Leaves usually 2-Ternate, terminal leaflet broadly ovate, surface green, glabrous, abaxially light green, sometimes powdery, sparsely pubescent or subglabrous along veins. Flower solitary branch top, because the plant branches are soft, flower heads drooping, slender drunken state, so the name "drunken Yang Fei". Bracts 5, long elliptic, varying in size; sepals 5, green, broadly ovate, varying in size; flowers are lotus-shaped or cinnamon-shaped, occasionally crown-shaped. The pollen is purple. Filaments white distally, anthers oblong, disk leathery, cup-shaped, purplish red; flowering in May; fruiting in June.

Drunken Yang Fei

two。 Blue hibiscus flower variety, deciduous shrub. The stem is tall and the branch is short. Leaves usually 2-Ternate, terminal leaflet broadly ovate, surface green, glabrous, abaxially light green, sometimes powdery, sparsely pubescent or subglabrous along veins. Flowers solitary; branches apical, bracts 5, long elliptic, unequal in size; sepals 5, green, broadly ovate, unequal in size; flowers cabinet-shaped. The buds are flat and round. Pollen purple, apex irregularly undulate; filaments distally white, anthers oblong, disk leathery, cup-shaped, purplish red; carpels 5, densely pilose. Flowering in May; fruiting in June.

Blue hibiscus

(8) Purple

The representative species are Sheng GE towel, Wei Zi, Zhao Zi, GE Gu Zi, Xiao Wei Zi, Zikui, deep black purple and so on.

1. Kudzu purple is one of the traditional and precious varieties of peony. Deciduous shrubs. The stem is tall and the branches are short. Leaves usually 2-Ternate, terminal leaflet broadly ovate, surface green, glabrous, abaxially light green, sometimes powdery, sparsely pubescent or subglabrous along veins. Flowers solitary branch apex, bracts 5, long elliptic, unequal in size; sepals 5, green, broadly ovate, varying in size; petals double, purple, hydrangea, tip irregularly undulate; filaments distally white, anthers oblong, disk leathery, cup-shaped, purplish red. Flowering in May; fruiting in June.

Kudzu purple

two。 Mokui plant type is medium-high, developed. The branches are stout and curved, the annual branches are short, the internodes are short, and the scale buds are hypertrophic. A round point. Large round leaves, fat, thick; total petiole ca. 14 cm, stout, flat; leaflets broadly ovate, notched shallowly, end obtuse, rough, dark green, with dark purple halo. The growth potential is strong, the flower rate is high, and the flowers are large and plump. Flowers purple; flower diameter 17 cm × 9 cm. The outer valve is 2-wheeled, hard, with ink-purple spots at the base; the inner valve is folded, the tip often remains anthers, dense, raised, the whole flower is shaped like Hydrangea; the pistil degenerated or petalized. The pedicel is soft and the flowers open sideways. Zhonghua variety. Few branches, few sprouting branches.

3. One of the four famous products of Wei Zi peony comes from the family of Wei Renbo, the prime minister of Luoyang during the five dynasties. Full-bodied fragrance, known as "after the flower". The plant type is medium-high, semi-developed, beautiful and generous. The branches are stout, the annual branches are shorter, and the internodes are shorter. Medium-sized round; leaflets ovoid, notched, end obtuse, margin with light purplish red halo, veins concave, leaf surface rough, dark green. It has strong growth potential, high flowering rate, many branches and many sprouting branches. This flower is huge, layered and towering, shaped like a crown, crown-shaped. Buds oblate; flowers gorgeous, purple, petal tip pink-white, slightly glossy; flower diameter 18 cm × 12 cm. The petals are many, the outer petals are 3 wheels, the shape is large and hard; the inner petals are fine broken, upright folds, the petals are thick and hard, dense and wrinkled. The pedicel is thick and hard, and the flowers are erect.

Wei Zi

(9) fuchsia

The representative species are cinnabar red, Hongxia Zhenghui, Hongxia Yingri, Jinpao Red, Oolong Zengsheng, Zangzhihong, Baiyuan Hongxia, Ying Jinhong, Big Brown and Purple, first case Red, No.1 Red, Fruit taken from the Plate, Hydrangea, Luoyang Red and so on.

1. Cinnabar red flowers bloom bright purplish red, glossy, fuchsia, rose-shaped, petals sparse, normal stamens remaining between petals, outer petals large, inner petals thin and twisted, and cashmere-like petals near the pistil. There is a circle of normal stamens between the inner and outer valves, 5-7 pistils, normal or petalized, stigma purplish red, room clothes purplish red. The flower is larger, 18 cm in diameter, flush with or slightly below the leaf surface. Zhonghua variety. Large long leaves, thick leaves, dark green with purple halo, slightly upward curled. The new branch is light red. The plant is semi-spreading, with exuberant growth and strong branching ability [Jishan Hua Yao].

two。 Luoyang Hong, which originated in the Tang Dynasty, is the only peony variety named after Luoyang. Deciduous shrubs. The plant type is tall and erect. The branches are thin and hard. Leaves broadly ovate, surface green, glabrous, abaxially light green, sometimes glaucous, sparsely pubescent or subglabrous along veins. Flowers solitary branch apex, bracts 5, long elliptic, unequal in size; sepals 5, green, broadly ovate, unequal in size; flowers rose-shaped. The buds are round and pointed. The flowers are purplish red and shiny. Filaments white distally, anthers oblong, disk leathery, cup-shaped, purplish red; flowering in May; fruiting in June.

Cinnabar red

Luoyang red

(10) Red category

There are fire gold elixir, coral platform, Cong Zhongxiao, morning red, Jiaohong, Pingshiyan, Jinzhu hibiscus, Yingrihong, 18th, neon coruscate, ruby, Hongtu, mountain flower in full bloom, fat red, star, spring red, meat hibiscus, Yu Ji gorgeous dress, Feiyan red dress, silver red Qiao pair, Hu Hong, red bead girl, celluloid pearl and so on.

1. Fire gold Dan, also known as "seed red", the flower pattern belongs to Laozi platform cabinet type, the number of flowers is less, it is not easy to breed, after blooming, it is hidden under the leaves, and the color is delicate and moist, almost the same as the red on the national flag, so it is also called "national flag red". The branches are stout, the annual branches are short, and the internodes are also short. Medium-sized round leaves, thick, dense, total petiole about 9 cm long, thick, flat extension; leaflets ovate, less notched, tip mucronate, margin curled, leaf surface yellowish green. In the growth potential, the flower formation rate is low and the flower color is bright. But the flower shape is irregular, the sprouting branches are few, and the plant type is compact.

Fire alchemy Dan

two。 Neon colorful deciduous shrubs. The plant type is high and semi-developed. Branches stout, leaves usually 2-Ternate, terminal leaflet broadly ovate, surface green, glabrous, abaxially light green, sometimes powdery, sparsely pubescent or subglabrous along leaf veins. Flowers solitary branches apical, bracts 5, long elliptic, unequal in size; sepals 5, green, broadly ovate, unequal in size; flowers belong to thousand-storey cabinet type. Buds round, tips often dehiscent; flowers magenta; filaments distally white, anthers oblong, disk leathery, cup-shaped, purplish red; florescence May; Fruit June.

Neon glow