Propagation and cultivation techniques of plum blossom

Propagation and cultivation techniques of plum blossom

Plum blossom is widely cultivated in the Yangtze River valley in China, but in Liaoning, Jilin and other places, open-field cultivation has become forbidden because of the cold winter climate. After more than ten years of introduction and domestication, a series of plum blossom varieties have been successfully selected, such as single red princess, princess magnolia, flower butterfly and so on, which can be divided into single, double and pink, white and yellow flowers. Can bear-31. 4 ℃ low temperature, but also resistant to drought and heat. The full flowering period is 3-4 days earlier than that of Jingtao, and the flowering period is 7-10 days. The introduction of new plum blossom varieties will add a beautiful and unique scenery to the cold regions of the north in early spring, and its planting and application prospects are promising.

I. selection and preparation of rootstocks

1. Species and characteristics of rootstocks

Mountain apricot rootstock Siberian mountain apricot or Liaoshan apricot has strong affinity with plum blossom, the interface is firm, and then the tree grows taller and blossoms in the third year.

Peach rootstock mountain peach and plum blossom compatibility is also good, after the tree height and crown width is larger than the mountain apricot, the tree life is not as good as the mountain apricot rootstock, the flowering age is slightly later than the mountain apricot rootstock.

The affinity of hairy cherry rootstock cherry and plum blossom is not as good as that of mountain apricot, but the survival rate is also higher, the tree body is dwarfed, the flowering stage is earlier and the life span is shorter.

two。 Sowing and breeding rootstock seedlings

The suitable sowing time is from late October to early November in late autumn and early winter. Early spring germinates early, the emergence rate is high, and the seedling growth is large in that year, but if there is extremely little snow and little rain in winter and spring, the seedling emergence rate is very low.

Fruit picking and seed treatment were carried out from late June to mid-August. The fruits of mountain apricot, hairy cherry and mountain peach were picked in time, the flesh was removed, the seeds were removed and dried and stored in the shade. Before sowing in late October, soak the seeds in cold water for 2 days and 3 nights to make the kernels fully absorb water and swell.

Choose flat land or gentle slope land, preferably loam soil, spread farm manure evenly on the surface, the amount of fertilizer is 3000 kg / mu, and the soil is 20 cm deep. Press 1. 1 m x 0. Make a bed with a width, height and length of 1 m × 20 m. Cofferdams with a height of 5 cm and a width of 5 cm should be repaired around the edge of the bed for irrigation.

When sowing, press 1520 cm ditch distance on the bed surface along the bed, open a ditch 4 cm deep, pour enough bottom water into the ditch, wait for underwater infiltration, and sow the seeds of mountain apricot and mountain peach according to 6 cm seed spacing. The thickness of cover soil is 4 '5cm for apricot and peach, and 3. 0-3. 5 cm for hairy cherry. 0 ~ 3. 5 cm, tread solid after covering the soil. The per mu sowing rate of mountain apricot, mountain peach and hairy cherry is 30kg, 50kg and 15kg respectively. Conditional bed had better be covered with 1 cm thick straw curtain or fine straw section.

In April of the next spring, a number of droughts sprayed water on the bed in time. Those covered with straw curtains should be removed in time, while those covered with fine crushed straw need not be removed. From May to August, pulling grass or shoveling the ground for 4 ~ 6 times. If aphids are harmful from May to July, spray 20% oxycyanide 1000 times solution to control. Pour overwintering water on the bed once in early winter.

3. Spring sowing

If preparing for spring sowing next year, the seeds should be soaked in clean water for 48 hours at the end of December, removed and mixed with 3 times wet sand, stored in a cellar of-5 ~ 5 ℃, and sowed in batches at the beginning of April. Sowing methods and management are the same as autumn sowing.

In late autumn or early spring, buy large rootstock seedlings with a diameter of 2 cm and 5 cm from other places and press 0. 5 cm. 2. 0. 6 meters × 0. The plant and row spacing of 6 meters are transplanted in the nursery and can be grafted in the same year or the next year. [Jishan Huayao]

II. Transplantation, grafting and management

1. Transplant

For 1 ~ 2-year-old grafted seedlings to be grafted after transplantation, 0. 5%. 1 ~ 0. 2 meters × 0. 6-meter plant and row spacing transplant; if you are going to cultivate 5-7-year-old grafted seedlings, press 0. 5%. 3 ~ 0. 6 meters × 0. 61.2m plant and row spacing transplant.

The time and method of transplantation were in early November or mid-April. Soil preparation, fertilization and cutting off part of the root system before transplanting, leaving the root length of about 15 cm, soaking for 24 hours, planting seedlings at a predetermined distance, and watering enough water after transplantation.

two。 Grafting operation

Those who plant rootstocks at close range and are ready for grafting are generally dominated by hard branch grafting and supplemented by bud grafting. If it is transplanted in autumn of that year, it can be split or budded in the spring of the following year. For those transplanted in the following spring, hard branch splicing can be carried out on the 30th to 40th day after transplantation. If the rootstock is planted over a long distance, when the diameter of the rootstock reaches 3-4 cm at the height of 1 meter, the hard branches should be grafted and split from April to May.

The main results are as follows: (1) the scion branches of one-year-old plum blossom were cut from February to March and stored in a cold place. The ear length is 6-7 cm, there are 2 healthy buds above the cutting surface, and the cutting surface is 2-3 cm long. The two cutting faces are wedge-shaped. In the middle or one side of the cross section, the cutting length of the scion is 2. 0 ~ 2. 5 cm, insert the cutting surface of the scion into the cut of the rootstock, align one side of the cambium with 1. 0 ~ 1. 5 cm wide plastic strip tightly bind the interface, do not miss the seam. One anvil and one ear after another. At the required height, cut 3cm to 4cm to retain the branch in advance, and the length of the remaining branch is 10 ~ 20cm. The operation method is the same as the low split. The diameter of hardwood split rootstock is 0. 5 ~ 1.5 cm, ear diameter is 0. 5 cm. 5 ~ 1.2 cm. In general, the thickness of the ear is equal to that of the anvil.

(2) the length of hardwood cuttings and cuttings is 6 ~ 8 cm, and the basal end of the ear is 2. 5 ~ 3. 0 cm. At 1. 0 ~ 1. 5 meters above the surface or 5 ~ 10 centimeters high, cut or saw off the rootstock. Break the cortex of the rootstock (from mid-April to early May), insert the scion cutting surface, make the ear cutting surface and the xylem of the rootstock firmly, and wrap the interface strictly with 4cm plastic strip. Each rootstock with low grafting has one ear, and each rootstock with high grafting has 2 ~ 4 ears. The suitable anvil diameter for skin grafting is 1.5 ~ 5.0 cm, and the ear diameter is 0. 5 ~ 1.0 cm, the ear diameter is 1 / 2 ~ 1 / 3 of the rootstock diameter, and the interface of hard branch grafting cuttings should be closed.

(3) the method of grafting with wood buds can be divided into two cases: new shoots with wood buds and annual branches with wood buds. The former was carried out in the non-peeling period of rootstocks from June to July, while the latter was conducted in April. At 1 cm above the bud, the knife cut into the wood at an angle of 10 °~ 15 °to 1 cm below the bud, and then cut into the wood at an angle of 30 °at 1 cm below the bud to intersect with the upper knife, and remove the bud. Cut a notch at the required height of the rootstock, about 2 cm long and 1 ~ 2 mm deep, stick the bud on the rootstock inlay to align one side of the cambium, and wrap the interface with a plastic strip about 1 cm wide. It can be used for low connection and multi-use, or for high receiver. Embedded bud grafting and bud grafting save buds, but the growth of new shoots germinated by bud grafting is lower than that of branch grafting, especially one-year-old branch embedded bud grafting.

(4) the length of petiole left by T-shaped bud grafting shear is 0. 5 cm, cross-cut the cortex at 1 cm above the scion bud, then cut into all the openings on the wood at an angle of 10 °~ 15 °at 1 cm below the bud, and break off the bud. At the required height of the rootstock, cut a T-shaped incision, and insert the grafting bud into the T-shaped incision, so that the upper edge of the grafting bud is connected with the horizontal knife edge of the T-shaped incision of the rootstock, and the interface buds need to be externally leaked with narrow plastic strips. Low vaccination is more useful, and the most suitable period is within the second half of autumn. It should be pointed out that the two bud grafting methods are more likely to affect the survival rate of grafting than branch grafting, so the application of bud grafting should be reduced in production.

3. Then the management of the same year

(1) if the cutting anvil was grafted with T-shaped buds in August, the anvil was cut off at the upper end of the bud before and after the Qingming Festival. 2 cm. If the buds were embedded in 4 ~ 6 months, the buds were grafted and the rootstocks were cut after germination.

(2) in addition to sprouting, when the length of the bud on the rootstock reaches 5 ~ 15 cm, the bud can be wiped as early as possible, but it is more labor-intensive, and it can also be wiped 2 ~ 3 times when the shoot of the rootstock reaches about 15 cm. It will not have a great effect on the growth of buds.

(3) the unbinding bud grafting can be carried out at the same time as the cutting anvil, and the binding strip can be cut with a sharp knife. The branch should be cut off when the bud on the scion germinates and the shoot grows to 15 ~ 20 cm. If the scion is unbound prematurely, the healing tissue is less, and the scion should fall or wither; unbinding too late will cause the new tip of the scion to break easily due to constriction.