Propagation and Pest Control and cultivation techniques of Liudaomu

Propagation and Pest Control and cultivation techniques of Liudaomu

Six trees (Abelia biflora Turcz.), alias six trees, double flowers and six trees, etc., are deciduous shrubs of the genus Ninjuriaceae. Because when the log grows, there are six grooves on it, and after being processed into beads, there are six white lines on each bead, so it is named Liudaomu. Originated in Hebei, Shanxi, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia and other places, mostly born on shady slopes, hillside thickets and forest ditches at an altitude of 1000 to 2000 meters above sea level. In the oil industry and mining area of North China, where the author is located, the soil belongs to moderately saline-alkali land, and Liudaomu grows well. Now the cultivation and management techniques are introduced as follows for colleagues' reference.

1. Morphological characteristics

Six trees can be up to 3 meters high. Young branches slender, reddish brown, inverted spiny bristles, glabrous after smooth. Leaves opposite, sometimes 3 whorled, leaves long elliptic to elliptic-lanceolate, entire or above middle pinnately lobed, ciliate; leaf surface dark green, abaxially white-green, veins densely villous; petiole short, 2 × 4 mm long, base dilated connected, with spiny bristles. Flowers solitary, often 2 and born at the tip of the branch, subsessile, born in leaf axils; Corolla tube, milky white, yellowish or reddish, narrowly funnel-shaped or saucer-shaped, calyx tube shortly bristled, calyx 4. Drupe achene, 1-1.5 cm long, often curved, sparsely spiny, apical persistent with 4 enlarged sepals; seeds Terete. The flowering period is from April to May and the fruit ripening stage is from July to August.

Second, growth habits

Xiguang is also tolerant to shade, cold, drought and moist soil; it is resistant to barren, lax requirements for soil, and has a certain tolerance to salt and alkali, but it grows best in humus soil. The root system is well developed, the sprouting power and sprouting power are very strong, but the growth is slow.

III. Methods of reproduction

1. The sown and propagated seeds were dried in the ventilated place after harvest in August and refrigerated at 0: 4 ℃. Pot sowing in the greenhouse or sowing directly on the seedbed in the early spring of the following year, the sowing amount is 5 grams per square meter. Because the seed particles are small, the seedbed should be ploughed deeply, the target fine, watered thoroughly before sowing, and the seeds should be sowed evenly on the soil surface. At the same time, sprinkle a thin layer of fine soil, and cover it with straw or other substances to keep moisture. After sowing, the seeds should be alternately soaked in dry and wet water before germination. When the true leaves grow 2-3, the seedlings can be divided.

two。 Cutting propagation in late June or at the end of flowering, cut the sturdy 2012 semi-lignified branches with terminal buds, 15-20 cm long, and cut them on the sand bed as they were picked. The cuttings kept only a few leaves at the top and the rest were cut off to reduce transpiration. The cuttings were sterilized in 0.3% potassium permanganate solution for 10 minutes for 20 minutes, and then placed in clean water. The cuttings were inserted into the sand with a row spacing of 6 cm 10 cm and a plant spacing of 3 cm. Before inserting, pierce the hole with a wooden stick, then insert the cuttings to press, pour water thoroughly, and then buckle up the plastic shed and shade net. Note that the ground temperature should be kept at 25: 35 ℃, the minimum should not be lower than 20 ℃, the air temperature in the shed should be equal to or slightly lower than the ground temperature, the maximum should not be higher than 40 ℃, and the humidity should reach 90%. In order to maintain humidity, the plastic shed should be sealed and watered when it is dry. It is generally not necessary to open it every day. The temperature is controlled by the light transmittance of the shade shed. The humidity of the substrate should not be too high, the cuttings should be watered 2 or 4 times a day in the first 3 days after cutting, and the amount of water should be reduced after a week to avoid rotting roots. The greater the humidity of the air, the better. It is best to keep water droplets on the plastic sheeting.

3. Ramet propagation can be carried out before freezing after falling leaves in autumn and after thawing in spring. The method is to dig out the plant, a branch on the ground, can be divided into one, pay attention to make the branch and root connected, do not break. If there are no branches, the root can be divided into several plants and can be planted separately.

IV. Cultivation techniques

1. The planting location and time should be planted in the soil with loose soil, fertile soil and good water supply and drainage. The transplanting time is generally carried out after falling leaves in autumn or before sprouting in spring, and the best season in North China is spring, when bare root planting can also survive. Big seedlings or other seasons should be planted with soil balls to improve the survival rate.

two。 In planting technique, the growth potential of Liudaomu is very strong, and the row spacing of colonized plants should not be less than 1.5 × 1.5 meters. When planting, 3-5 buds or branches are a stump, and it is best to transplant with soil when planting. After planting, pour water thoroughly, and then cover with a layer of soil after the water seeps dry. Summer can also be planted, but it is best to choose transplanting before cloudy and rainy weather to improve the survival rate. When planting, the aboveground parts should be trimmed to reduce the consumption of nutrients in order to slow down the seedlings.

3. Water and fertilizer management likes fertilizer, and proper fertilization should be applied before and after flowering, mainly organic fertilizer. Water should be watered in time during the growing period, drainage and waterlogging prevention should be paid attention to in the rainy season, green water should be poured back as early as possible in early spring, and enough antifreeze water should be poured before winter. [Jishan Huayao]

4. Before sprouting in winter or early spring, cut off the diseased and weak branches and old branches near the ground, and control the plant size and shape, such as spherical, green hedge shape, etc., in order to promote the germination of new branches in the following spring. If renewed and rejuvenated, old branches can be removed from the base to facilitate the growth of new branches.

During the growth period, the branches that are too strong are retracted after anthesis, and the ends of the branches that have bloomed are cut short to promote the branches of the lower branches; repeated pruning after anthesis can promote multiple flowering, but it should be noted that the buds should not be pruned after the formation of new shoots, and the residual flowers should be cut off under the second leaf node after the flowers are faded. Cut off the long branches at any time to prevent the disturbance of the tree shape and the consumption of nutrients.

V. Disease and pest control

Liudaomu mainly has aphids, coal fouling disease and other diseases and insect pests. For aphids, you can spray 1.2% bitter tobacco EC 800 × 1000 times, or 6% imidacloprid EC 3000 × 4000 times, or 5% acetamiprid EC 5000 × 6000 times, etc., pay attention to safety when spraying.

For coal pollution disease, spraying Baume 3-5 degrees stone-sulfur mixture during dormancy to eliminate the source of overwintering disease; the occurrence of the disease is closely related to honeydew-secreting insects, and spraying to control aphids and shell insects is the main measure to reduce the incidence of coal pollution; spray 80% mancozeb wettable powder 500 times 800 times.